How to solve the problems of high concurrency and large traffic in PHP

This article mainly introduces how to solve the problems of high concurrency and large traffic in PHP. It has certain reference value. Now I share it with everyone. Friends in need can refer to it

Basic knowledge

## TFS: Throughput (Throughput refers to the number of requests the system handles per unit time)

RT: Response time (from the time the request is sent to the response time)

Number of concurrent users: The number of users who access the site at the same time within a period of time

QPS: Query rate per second (requests or responses per second, in the Internet field, the number of responses per second (HTTP requests))

PV ： page view page visits

UV：user view user visits

Generally speaking, the daily pv (visits) is greater than 10 million It can be calculated as high concurrency

Daily website bandwidth = PV / statistical time (seconds) * average page size (KB) * 8

Stress Test

It is recommended to use apache’s own stress testing tool ab

How to use : Enter the apache directory and run in the current directory (windows):

ab.exe -n 总请求量 -c 并发请求量  http://请求地址

After the request is completed, we can get the data:

Server Software:        Apache/2.4.18	服务器类型
Server Hostname:        eko.xiao.com    域名
Server Port:            80				端口

Document Path:          /index.html  	请求文件
Document Length:        529 bytes		文件大小

Concurrency Level:      100				并发数
Time taken for tests:   1.240 seconds	总响应时间
Complete requests:      1000			请求数
Failed requests:        0				失败次数
Total transferred:      800000 bytes	总共传输数据量
HTML transferred:       529000 bytes	
Requests per second:    806.41 [#/sec] (mean)	QPS（每秒查询率）
Time per request:       124.007 [ms] (mean)		平均响应时间
Time per request:       1.240 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          630.00 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    1   1.4      1      38
Processing:    42  114  34.2    103     204
Waiting:       41  113  33.9    102     204
Total:         43  115  34.5    104     207

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    104
  66%    117
  75%    133
  80%    136
  90%    173
  95%    197
  98%    204
  99%    204
 100%    207 (longest request)　　

Optimization

As QPS increases, different optimization measures are required at each stage. The optimization plan is also related to hardware and network conditions.

QPS reaches 50

No optimization is required

QPS reaches 100 (database layer)

Assuming that each database query is 0.01S and each page has only one sql query, then the database limit is reached at this time

Optimization measures : Database cache, database load balancing, redis, memcache

QPS reaches 800 (network bandwidth)

Assuming that each page is only 10K, then at 800QPS, the bandwidth has been exhausted

Optimization measures: CDN acceleration Load balancing

QPS reaches 1000

Optimization measures: Static page

Traffic optimization:

Anti-leeching processing

Front-end optimization:

Reduce HTTP requests

Add asynchronous requests

Enable browser cache

Server optimization:

Page Static

Concurrency processing

Queue processing

Database optimization:

Database cache

Sub-database and table, partition operation

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Related recommendations:

php Daniel shared: PHP code writing specifications, a comprehensive summary

PHP Introduction to installation and integration with apache

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