What are the packaging optimization methods for Vue?

This time I will bring you some packaging optimization methods for Vue, and what are the precautions for packaging optimization in Vue. The following is a practical case, let's take a look.

In the era of http1, a common performance optimization is to merge the number of http requests. Usually we merge many js codes together, but if a js package is particularly large, it will not improve performance. That's a bit overkill. And if we reasonably split all the code, peel off the first-screen and non-first-screen code, split the business code and basic library code, and then load a certain piece of code when it is needed, next time if If you need to use it again, read it from the cache. Firstly, you can make better use of the browser cache. Secondly, it can improve the loading speed of the first screen, which greatly improves the user experience.

Core idea

Separation of business code and basic library

This is actually easy to understand. Business code is usually updated and iterated frequently, while basic library Usually updates are slow. If you split it here, you can make full use of the browser cache to load the basic library code.

Asynchronous loading on demand

This mainly solves the problem of the first screen request size. When accessing the first screen, we only need to load the logic required for the first screen, and Not the code that loads all routes.

Practical

Recently, I used vuetify to transform an internal system. At the beginning, I used the most commonly used webpack configuration, and the functions were quickly developed. However, once I packaged it, I found that The effect is not very obvious. There are many large packages.

Here we look at the packaging distribution. The webpack-bundle-analyzer is used here. You can clearly see vue and vuetify. There are cases where modules are packaged repeatedly.

Here we will post the configuration first and use it for analysis later:

const path = require('path')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin;
const generateHtml = new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
 title: '逍遥系统',
 template: './src/index.html',
 minify: {
 removeComments: true
 }
})
module.exports = {
 entry: {
 vendor: ['vue', 'vue-router', 'vuetify'],
 app: './src/main.js'
 },
 output: {
 path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
 filename: '[name].[hash].js',
 chunkFilename:'[id].[name].[chunkhash].js'
 },
 resolve: {
 extensions: ['.js', '.vue'],
 alias: {
  'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
  'public': path.resolve(__dirname, './public')
 }
 },
 module: {
 rules: [
  {
  test: /\.vue$/,
  loader: 'vue-loader',
  options: {
   loaders: {
   }
   // other vue-loader options go here
  }
  },
  {
  test: /\.js$/,
  loader: 'babel-loader',
  exclude: /node_modules/
  },
  {
  test: /\.(png|jpg|gif|svg)$/,
  loader: 'file-loader',
  options: {
   objectAssign: 'Object.assign'
  }
  },
  {
  test: /\.css$/,
  loader: ['style-loader', 'css-loader']
  },
  {
  test: /\.styl$/,
  loader: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'stylus-loader']
  }
 ]
 },
 devServer: {
 historyApiFallback: true,
 noInfo: true
 },
 performance: {
 hints: false
 },
 devtool: '#eval-source-map',
 plugins: [
  new BundleAnalyzerPlugin(),
  new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),
  generateHtml,
  new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
  name: 'ventor'
  }),
 ]
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') {
 module.exports.devtool = '#source-map'
 // http://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/workflow/production.html
 module.exports.plugins = (module.exports.plugins || []).concat([
 new webpack.DefinePlugin({
  'process.env': {
  NODE_ENV: '"production"'
  }
 }),
 new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({
  sourceMap: true,
  compress: {
  warnings: false
  }
 }),
 new webpack.LoaderOptionsPlugin({
  minimize: true
 })
 ])
}

CommonChunkPlugin

ventor entrance Here we find that all the modules under the referenced node_module, such as axios, are not filtered out, so they are packaged into app.js. Here we do the separation

entry: {
 vendor: ['vue', 'vue-router', 'vuetify', 'axios'],
 app: './src/main.js'
 },

Then there is another problem here, I don’t We may enter the module manually. At this time, we may need to automatically separate the ventor. Here we need to introduce minChunks. In the configuration, we can package and modify the modules referenced under mode_module as follows

entry: {
 //vendor: ['vue', 'vue-router', 'vuetify', 'axios'], //删除
 app: './src/main.js'
 }
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
  name: 'vendor',
  minChunks: ({ resource }) => (
   resource &&
   resource.indexOf('node_modules') >= 0 &&
   resource.match(/\.js$/)
  )
 }),

After the above After several steps of optimization, if we look at the file distribution, we will find that the modules under node_module have been collected under vendor.

We can get an experience here, that is, in a project, we can specifically package and optimize the modules under node_module. But if you are careful here, you may find that the codemirror component is also in node_module, but why is it not packaged but repeatedly packaged to other single pages? In fact, this is because using the name attribute in commonChunk actually means that only Follow the entry entrance to find the dependent packages. Since our components are loaded asynchronously, they will not be packaged here. Let’s do an experiment to verify. Now we remove the routing lazy loading of the dbmanage and system pages and change them to Directly introduce

// const dbmanage = () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "dbmanage" */'../views/dbmanage.vue')
// const system = () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "system" */'../views/system.vue')
import dbmanage from '../views/dbmanage.vue'
import system from '../views/system.vue'

At this time, when we repackage, we can find that codemirror has been packaged, so the question is, is this good?

async

上面的问题答案是肯定的，不可以的，很明显ventor是我们的入口代码即首屏，我们完全没有必要去加载这个codemirror组件，我们先把刚才的路由修改恢复回去，但是这时又有了新问题，我们的codemirror被同时打包进了两个单页面，并且还有些自己封装的components，例如MTable或是MDataTable等也出现了重复打包。并且codemirror特别大，同时加载到两个单页面也会造成很大的性能问题,简单说就是，我们在访问第一个单页面加载了codemirror之后，在第二个页面其实就不应该再加载了。 要解决这个问题，这里我们可以使用 CommonsChunkPlugin 的 async 并在 minChunnks 里的count方法来判断数量，只要是 重用次数 超过两个包括两个的异步加载模块（即 import () 产生的chunk ）我们都认为是 可以 打成公共的 ，这里我们增加一项配置。

new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
 async: 'used-twice',
 minChunks: (module, count) => (
 count >= 2
 ),
})

再次打包，我们发现所有服用的组件被重新打到了 0.used-twice-app.js中了，这样各个单页面大小也有所下降，平均小了近10k左右

可是，这里我们发现vuetify.js和vuetify.css实在太庞大了，导致我们的打包的代码很大，这里，我们考虑把它提取出来，这里为了避免重复打包，需要使用external,并将vue以及vuetify的代码采用cdn读取的方式,首先修改index.html

//css引入
<link href=&#39;https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,500,700|Material+Icons&#39; rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="https://unpkg.com/vuetify/dist/vuetify.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
//js引入
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vuetify/dist/vuetify.js"></script>
//去掉main.js中之前对vuetifycss的引入
//import 'vuetify/dist/vuetify.css'

再修改webpack配置，新增externals

externals: {
 'vue':'Vue',
 "vuetify":"Vuetify"
 }

再重新打包,可以看到vue相关的代码已经没有了，目前也只有used-twice-app.js比较大了，app.js缩小了近200kb。

但是新问题又来了，codemirror很大，而used-twice又是首屏需要的，这个打包在首屏肯定不是很好，这里我们要将system和dbmanage页面的codemirror组件改为异步加载，单独打包，修改如下:

// import MCode from "../component/MCode.vue"; //注释掉
components: {
  MDialog,
  MCode: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "MCode" */'../component/MCode.vue')
 },

重新打包下，可以看到 codemirror被抽离了，首屏代码进一步得到了减少,used-twice-app.js代码缩小了近150k。

做了上面这么多的优化之后，业务测的js基本都被拆到了50kb一下（忽略map文件），算是优化成功了。

总结

可能会有朋友会问，单独分拆vue和vuetify会导致请求数增加，这里我想补充下，我们的业务现在已经切换成http2了，由于多路复用，并且加上浏览器缓存，我们分拆出的请求数其实也算是控制在合理的范畴内。

这里最后贴一下优化后的webpack配置，大家一起交流学习下哈。

const path = require('path')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin;
const generateHtml = new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
 title: '逍遥系统',
 template: './src/index.html',
 minify: {
 removeComments: true
 }
})
module.exports = {
 entry: {
 app: './src/main.js'
 },
 output: {
 path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
 filename: '[name].[hash].js',
 chunkFilename:'[id].[name].[chunkhash].js'
 },
 resolve: {
 extensions: ['.js', '.vue'],
 alias: {
  'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
  'public': path.resolve(__dirname, './public')
 }
 },
 externals: {
 'vue':'Vue',
 "vuetify":"Vuetify"
 },
 module: {
 rules: [
  {
  test: /\.vue$/,
  loader: 'vue-loader',
  options: {
   loaders: {
   }
   // other vue-loader options go here
  }
  },
  {
  test: /\.js$/,
  loader: 'babel-loader',
  exclude: /node_modules/
  },
  {
  test: /\.(png|jpg|gif|svg)$/,
  loader: 'file-loader',
  options: {
   objectAssign: 'Object.assign'
  }
  },
  {
  test: /\.css$/,
  loader: ['style-loader', 'css-loader']
  },
  {
  test: /\.styl$/,
  loader: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'stylus-loader']
  }
 ]
 },
 devServer: {
 historyApiFallback: true,
 noInfo: true
 },
 performance: {
 hints: false
 },
 devtool: '#eval-source-map',
 plugins: [
  new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),
  generateHtml
 ]
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') {
 module.exports.devtool = '#source-map'
 module.exports.plugins = (module.exports.plugins || []).concat([
 new BundleAnalyzerPlugin(),
 new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
  name: 'ventor',
  minChunks: ({ resource }) => (
  resource &&
  resource.indexOf('node_modules') >= 0 &&
  resource.match(/\.js$/)
  )
 }),
 new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
  async: 'used-twice',
  minChunks: (module, count) => (
  count >= 2
  ),
 }),
 new webpack.DefinePlugin({
  'process.env': {
  NODE_ENV: '"production"'
  }
 }),
 new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({
  sourceMap: true,
  compress: {
  warnings: false
  }
 }),
 new webpack.LoaderOptionsPlugin({
  minimize: true
 })
 ])
}

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