Usage and examples of PHP semaphores

This article mainly introduces the usage and examples of PHP semaphores. Interested friends can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Theoretical basis:

Semaphore: Also known as semaphore, semaphore is used to Solving the process (thread synchronization problem) is similar to a lock. Obtain the lock before accessing (wait if you cannot obtain it), and release the lock after accessing.
Critical resources: Resources that are only allowed to be accessed by one process at a time.
Critical Section: The code that accesses critical resources in each process is called the critical section
Processes are mutually exclusive : Two or more processes cannot enter the critical area on the same set of shared variables at the same time, that is, one process is accessing critical resources, and the other process must wait before accessing.
Process SynchronizationMainly studies how to determine the execution order between several processes and avoid data competition issues, that is, how to make multiple processes run well together

The example is as follows:

$key=ftok(__FILE__,'t');
/**
 * 获取一个信号量资源
 int $key [, int $max_acquire = 1 [, int $perm = 0666 [, int $auto_release = 1 ]]] 
 $max_acquire:最多可以多少个进程同时获取信号
 $perm:权限 默认 0666
 $auto_release：是否自动释放信号量
 */
$sem_id=sem_get($key);
#获取信号
sem_acquire($seg_id);
//do something 这里是一个原子性操作
//释放信号量
sem_release($seg_id);
//把次信号从系统中移除
sem_remove($sem_id);
//可能出现的问题
$fp = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__), 100);
sem_acquire($fp);
$fp2 = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__), 1));
sem_acquire($fp2);

Implementation of a read-write semaphore in PHP:

class rw_semaphore {
  const READ_ACCESS = 0;
  const WRITE_ACCESS = 1;  
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var resource - mutex semaphore
   */
  private $mutex;
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var resource - read/write semaphore
   */
  private $resource;
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var int
   */
  private $writers = 0;
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var int
   */
  private $readers = 0;
  /**
   * Default constructor
   * 
   * Initialize the read/write semaphore
   */
  public function __construct() {
    $mutex_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'm');
    $resource_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'r');    
    $this->mutex = sem_get($mutex_key, 1);
    $this->resource = sem_get($resource_key, 1);    
  }
  /**
   * Destructor
   * 
   * Remove the read/write semaphore
   */
  public function __destruct() {
    sem_remove($this->mutex);
    sem_remove($this->resource);
  }
  /**
   * Request acess to the resource
   * 
   * @param int $mode
   * @return void
   */
  private function request_access($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {  
    if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);
      /* update the writers counter */
      $this->writers++;
      sem_release($this->mutex);      
      sem_acquire($this->resource);
    } else {      
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);      
      if ($this->writers > 0 || $this->readers == 0) {        
        sem_release($this->mutex);        
        sem_acquire($this->resource);        
        sem_acquire($this->mutex);        
      }
      /* update the readers counter */
      $this->readers++;
      sem_release($this->mutex);
    }
  }
  private function request_release($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {
    if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);
      /* update the writers counter */
      $this->writers--;
      sem_release($this->mutex);
      sem_release($this->resource);
    } else {
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);
      /* update the readers counter */
      $this->readers--;
      if ($this->readers == 0)
        sem_release($this->resource);
      sem_release($this->mutex);
    }
  }
  /**
   * Request read access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function read_access() { $this->request_access(self::READ_ACCESS); }
  /**
   * Release read access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function read_release() { $this->request_release(self::READ_ACCESS); }
  /**
   * Request write access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function write_access() { $this->request_access(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }
  /**
   * Release write access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function write_release() { $this->request_release(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }
}

Shared memory signal Implementing atomic operations

$SHM_KEY = ftok("/home/joeldg/homeymail/shmtest.php", 'R');
$shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$data = shm_attach($shmid, 1024);
// we now have our shm segment
// lets place a variable in there
shm_put_var ($data, $inmem, "test");
// now lets get it back. we could be in a forked process and still have
// access to this variable.
printf("shared contents: %s\n", shm_get_var($data, $inmem));
shm_detach($data);

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