模板引擎(这里特指用于Web开发的模板引擎)是为了使用户界面与业务数据(内容)分离而产生的,它可以生成特定格式的文档,用于网站的模板引擎就会生成一个标准的HTML文档。
PHP模板引擎就是一个PHP类库,使用它可以使PHP代码和HTML代码进行分离,使代码的可读性和维护性得到显著提高。而且这样做的好处是,让美工专心设计HTML前台页面,程序员专心去写PHP业务逻辑。因此,模化引擎很适合公司的Web开发团队使用,使每个人都能发挥其特长
下面我们就来看看如何简单的来实现php的模板引擎
parser.class.php
<?php /** * 模版解析类 */ class Parser { // 字段,接收模版文件内容 private $_tpl; // 构造方法,获取模版文件内容 public function __construct($_tplFile) { if (! $this->_tpl = file_get_contents($_tplFile)) { exit('ERROR:模版文件读取错误'); } } // 解析普通变量 private function parvar() { $_patten = '/<!--\s+\{\$([\w]+)\}\s+-->/'; if (preg_match($_patten,$this->_tpl)) { $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patten, "<?php echo \$this->_vars['$1'];?>",$this->_tpl); } } //解析IF语句 private function parif(){ $_pattenif = '/<!--\s+\{if\s+\$([\w]+)\}\s+-->/'; $_pattenElse = '/<!--\s+\{else\}\s+-->/'; $_pattenEndif = '/<!--\s+\{\/if\}\s+-->/'; if (preg_match($_pattenif,$this->_tpl)) { if (preg_match($_pattenEndif,$this->_tpl)) { $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenif,"<?php if (\$this->_vars['$1']){?>",$this->_tpl); $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenEndif,"<?php } ?>",$this->_tpl); if (preg_match($_pattenElse,$this->_tpl)) { $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenElse,"<?php }else{?>",$this->_tpl); } }else{ echo 'ERROR:IF语句没有关闭!'; } } } //PHP注释解析 private function parCommon(){ $_pattenCommon = '/<!--\s+\{#\}(.*)\{#\}\s+-->/'; if (preg_match($_pattenCommon,$this->_tpl)) { $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenCommon,"<?php /* $1 */ ?>",$this->_tpl); } } //解析foreach语句 private function parForeach(){ $_pattenForeach = '/<!--\s+\{foreach\s+\$([\w]+)\(([\w]+),([\w]+)\)\}\s+-->/'; $_pattenForeachEnd = '/<!--\s+\{\/foreach\}\s+-->/'; $_pattenForeachValue = '/<!--\s+\{@([\w]+)\}\s+-->/'; if (preg_match($_pattenForeach,$this->_tpl)) { if (preg_match($_pattenForeachEnd,$this->_tpl)) { $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeach, "<?php foreach (\$this->_vars['$1'] as \$$2=>\$$3) {?>", $this->_tpl); $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeachEnd, "<?php }?>", $this->_tpl); if (preg_match($_pattenForeachValue, $this->_tpl)) { $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeachValue,"<?php echo \$$1;?>",$this->_tpl); } }else{ echo 'ERROR:Foreach语句没有关闭!'; } } } //解析include方法 private function parInclude(){ $_pattenInclude = '/<!--\s+\{include\s+file=\"([\w\.\-]+)\"\}\s+-->/'; if (preg_match($_pattenInclude,$this->_tpl,$_file,$_file)) { if (!file_exists($_file[1])||empty($_file)) { echo 'ERROR:包含文件出错!'; } $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenInclude,"<?php include '$1';?>",$this->_tpl); } } //解析系统变量方法 private function parConfig(){ $_pattenConfig = '/<!--\s+\{([\w]+)\}\s+-->/'; if (preg_match($_pattenConfig,$this->_tpl)) { $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenConfig,"<?php echo \$this->_config['$1'];?>",$this->_tpl); } } // 对外公共方法 public function compile($_path) { // 解析模版文件 $this->parvar(); $this->parif(); $this->parForeach(); $this->parInclude(); $this->parCommon(); $this->parConfig(); // 生成编译文件 if (! file_put_contents($_path, $this->_tpl)) { exit('ERROR:编译文件生成错误!'); } } } ?>
Templates.class.php
<?php /** * 模版类 */ class Templates { //注入变量 private $_vars = array(); //保存系统变量数组字段 private $_config = array(); //创建一个构造方法,来检测各个目录是否存在 public function __construct() { if (! is_dir(TPL_DIR) || ! is_dir(TPL_C_DIR) || ! is_dir(CACHE) || !is_dir(CONFIG)) { echo 'ERROR:模版目录或编译目录,缓存目录不存在!自动创建!'."<br />"; if (!is_dir(TPL_DIR)) { mkdir(TPL_DIR); echo '模版目录'.TPL_DIR.'建立'."<br />"; } if (!is_dir(TPL_C_DIR)) { mkdir(TPL_C_DIR); echo '编译目录'.TPL_C_DIR.'建立'."<br />"; } if (!is_dir(CACHE)) { mkdir(CACHE); echo '缓存目录'.CACHE.'建立'."<br />"; } if (!is_dir(CONFIG)) { mkdir(CONFIG); echo '缓存目录'.CONFIG.'建立'."<br />"; } exit(); } //保存系统变量 $_sxe = simplexml_load_file(CONFIG.'/config.xml'); $_tagLib = $_sxe->xpath('/root/taglib'); foreach ($_tagLib as $_tag) { $this->_config["$_tag->name"] = $_tag->value; } } //assign()方法,用于注入变量 public function assign($_var,$_value){ //$_var用于同步模版里的变量名 //$_value表示值 if (isset($_var)&&!empty($_var)) { $this->_vars[$_var] = $_value; }else{ exit('ERROR:设置模版变量!'); } } //display()方法 public function display($_file) { $_tplFile = TPL_DIR . $_file; // 判断文件是否存在 if (! file_exists($_tplFile)) { echo 'ERROR:模版文件不存在!自动创建Index.tpl模版文件!'; file_put_contents($_tplFile,'Index'); exit(); } //生成编译文件 $_path = TPL_C_DIR.md5($_file).'-'.$_file.'.php'; //缓存文件 $_cacheFile = CACHE.md5($_file).'-'.$_file.'.html'; //当第二次运行相同文件,直接载入缓存文件 if (IS_CACHE) { //判断缓存文件和编译文件都存在 if (file_exists($_cacheFile)&&file_exists($_path)) { //判断模版文件是否修改过 if (filemtime($_path)>=filemtime($_tplFile)&&filemtime($_cacheFile)>=filemtime($_path)) { include $_cacheFile; echo '<!--cache-->'; return; } } } //当编译文件不存在或者文件发生改变则重新生成 if (!file_exists($_path)||filemtime($_path)<filemtime($_tplFile)) { require ROOT_PATH.'/Class/parser.class.php'; //构造方法是传入模版文件地址 $_parser = new Parser($_tplFile); //传入编译文件地址 $_parser->compile($_path); } //载入编译文件 include $_path; if (IS_CACHE) { //获取缓冲区数据 file_put_contents($_cacheFile,ob_get_contents()); //清楚缓冲区 ob_end_clean(); //载入缓存文件 include $_cacheFile; } } } ?>
templates.php
<?php //设置字符编码UTF-8 header('Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8'); //网站根目录 define('ROOT_PATH',dirname(__FILE__)); //存放模版文件夹 define('TPL_DIR',ROOT_PATH.'/Templates/'); //编译文件夹 define('TPL_C_DIR',ROOT_PATH.'/Templates_c/'); //缓存文件夹 define('CACHE',ROOT_PATH.'/Cache/'); //系统变量配置目录 define('CONFIG',ROOT_PATH.'/Config/'); //是否开启缓冲区 define('IS_CACHE',false);//false //判断是否需要开启 IS_CACHE ? ob_start() : null; //引入模版类 require ROOT_PATH.'/Class/Templates.class.php'; //实例化模版类 $_tpl=new Templates(); $_tpl->display('index.tpl'); ?>
templates/index.tpl
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zn-cn"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <title><!-- {WebName} --></title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <!-- {#}php注释{#} --> <!-- {if $a} --> 123 <!-- {else} --> 321 <!-- {/if} --> <br /> <!-- {foreach $array(key,value)} --> <!-- {@key} -->...<!-- {@value} --><br /> <!-- {/foreach} --> 系统变量<!-- {WebName} --><br /> 普通变量<!-- {$name} --><br /> <script src="/js/jquery-2.2.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> </body> </html>
config/config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <root> <taglib> <name>WebName</name> <value>XXX网站</value> </taglib> </root>
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