采用PHP的用户认证
如果你希望在每一个脚本的基础上实现口令保护功能,那么你可以联合使用header()函数和$PHP_AUTH_USER、$PHP_AUTH_PW全局变量来创造一个基本的认证方案。通常的、基于服务器的认证请求/响应回合很象下面这个样子:
1.用户向一台Web服务器请求一个文件。如果文件在一个受到保护的区域以内,服务器就在响应的文件头内加上401(非法用户)字符串作为回应。
2.浏览器看见该响应之后就弹出用户名/口令对话框。
3.用户在对话框中输入用户名和口令,然后单击“确认”按钮把这些信息送回到服务器。
4.如果用户名和口令有效,被保护的文件将对用户显示,并且,只要现在经过证实的用户一直在保护区域以内。以上的认证过程都有效。
一个简单的PHP脚本可以模仿HTTP认证请求/响应系统,方法就是发送适当的HTTP头来使得用户名/口令对话框自动出现在客户机的屏幕上。PHP把用户输入对话框的信息存储在$PHP_AUTH_USER和$PHP_AUTH_PW变量中。使用这些变量,你就可以把不符合用户名/口令检验的列表存放到某个文本文件、数据库或者你任何自己指定的地方
注意:$PHP_AUTH_USER、$PHP_AUTH_PW和$PHP_AUTH_TYPE这三个全局变量只有在PHP被当作一个模块安装时才是有效的。如果你正在使用PHP的CGI版本,那么你只能受限于采用基于.htaccess的认证或基于数据库的认证方式,这样你就必需设计HTML表单让用户输入用户名和口令,再让PHP进行有效性的检查。
下面的这个例子显示对2个设定值的检查,但在理论上和以上的用户名和口令检查并无本质的不同。
/* Check for values in $PHP_AUTH_USER and $PHP_AUTH_PW */
if ((!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) || (!isset($PHP_AUTH_PW))) {
/* No values: send headers causing dialog box to appear */
header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Private Stuff"');
header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
echo 'Authorization Required.';
exit;
} else if ((isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) && (isset($PHP_AUTH_PW))){
/* Values contain some values, so check to see if they're correct */
if (($PHP_AUTH_USER != "validname") || ($PHP_AUTH_PW != "goodpassword")) {
/* If either the username entered is incorrect, or the password entered is incorrect, send the headers causing dialog box to appear */
header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Private Stuff"');
header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
echo 'Authorization Required.';
exit;
} else if (($PHP_AUTH_USER == "validname") || ($PHP_AUTH_PW == "goodpassword")) {
/* if both values are correct, print success message */
echo "
You're authorized!
";}
}
?>
记住,当你正在使用基于文件的保护措施时,这种方式不是绝对能保护目录的安全毯。这对你们中的大多数人而言是显而易见的,但是,如果你的大脑在弹出对话框之间和保护给定目录之间建立一个连接,那么你必须费点劲来认识这一进程。

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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