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采用PHP的用户认证
如果你希望在每一个脚本的基础上实现口令保护功能,那么你可以联合使用header()函数和$PHP_AUTH_USER、$PHP_AUTH_PW全局变量来创造一个基本的认证方案。通常的、基于服务器的认证请求/响应回合很象下面这个样子:

1.用户向一台Web服务器请求一个文件。如果文件在一个受到保护的区域以内,服务器就在响应的文件头内加上401(非法用户)字符串作为回应。

2.浏览器看见该响应之后就弹出用户名/口令对话框。

3.用户在对话框中输入用户名和口令,然后单击“确认”按钮把这些信息送回到服务器。

4.如果用户名和口令有效,被保护的文件将对用户显示,并且,只要现在经过证实的用户一直在保护区域以内。以上的认证过程都有效。

 

一个简单的PHP脚本可以模仿HTTP认证请求/响应系统,方法就是发送适当的HTTP头来使得用户名/口令对话框自动出现在客户机的屏幕上。PHP把用户输入对话框的信息存储在$PHP_AUTH_USER和$PHP_AUTH_PW变量中。使用这些变量,你就可以把不符合用户名/口令检验的列表存放到某个文本文件、数据库或者你任何自己指定的地方

注意:$PHP_AUTH_USER、$PHP_AUTH_PW和$PHP_AUTH_TYPE这三个全局变量只有在PHP被当作一个模块安装时才是有效的。如果你正在使用PHP的CGI版本,那么你只能受限于采用基于.htaccess的认证或基于数据库的认证方式,这样你就必需设计HTML表单让用户输入用户名和口令,再让PHP进行有效性的检查。

下面的这个例子显示对2个设定值的检查,但在理论上和以上的用户名和口令检查并无本质的不同。


/* Check for values in $PHP_AUTH_USER and $PHP_AUTH_PW */

if ((!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) || (!isset($PHP_AUTH_PW))) {

  /* No values: send headers causing dialog box to appear */
  header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Private Stuff"');
  header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
  echo 'Authorization Required.';
  exit;

} else if ((isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) && (isset($PHP_AUTH_PW))){

  /* Values contain some values, so check to see if they're correct */

  if (($PHP_AUTH_USER != "validname") || ($PHP_AUTH_PW != "goodpassword")) {
    /* If either the username entered is incorrect, or the password entered is incorrect, send the headers causing dialog box to appear */
    header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Private Stuff"');
    header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
    echo 'Authorization Required.';
    exit;
  } else if (($PHP_AUTH_USER == "validname") || ($PHP_AUTH_PW == "goodpassword")) {
    /* if both values are correct, print success message */
    echo "

You're authorized!

";
  }
}
?>

记住,当你正在使用基于文件的保护措施时,这种方式不是绝对能保护目录的安全毯。这对你们中的大多数人而言是显而易见的,但是,如果你的大脑在弹出对话框之间和保护给定目录之间建立一个连接,那么你必须费点劲来认识这一进程。

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