Detailed explanation of common PHP algorithms and data structure examples

This article mainly introduces detailed examples of commonly used algorithms and data structures in PHP. Interested friends can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

The examples are as follows:

<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: qishou
 * Date: 15-8-2
 * Time: 上午9:12
 */
header("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");
$arr = array(3,5,8,4,9,6,1,7,2);
echo implode(" ",$arr)."<br/>";
//---------------------------------------
//       常用排序算法
//---------------------------------------
//冒泡排序
function BubbleSort($arr){
  $length = count($arr);
  if($length<=1){
    return $arr;
  }
  for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){
    for($j=$length-1;$j>$i;$j--){
      if($arr[$j]<$arr[$j-1]){
        $tmp = $arr[$j];
        $arr[$j] = $arr[$j-1];
        $arr[$j-1] = $tmp;
      }
    }
  }
  return $arr;
}
echo &#39;冒泡排序：&#39;;
echo implode(&#39; &#39;,BubbleSort($arr))."<br/>";

//快速排序
function QSort($arr){
  $length = count($arr);
  if($length <=1){
    return $arr;
  }
  $pivot = $arr[0];//枢轴
  $left_arr = array();
  $right_arr = array();
  for($i=1;$i<$length;$i++){//注意$i从1开始0是枢轴
    if($arr[$i]<=$pivot){
      $left_arr[] = $arr[$i];
    }else{
      $right_arr[] = $arr[$i];
    }
  }
  $left_arr = QSort($left_arr);//递归排序左半部分
  $right_arr = QSort($right_arr);//递归排序右半部份
  return array_merge($left_arr,array($pivot),$right_arr);//合并左半部分、枢轴、右半部分
}
echo "快速排序：";
echo implode(&#39; &#39;,QSort($arr))."<br/>";

//选择排序(不稳定)
function SelectSort($arr){
  $length = count($arr);
  if($length<=1){
    return $arr;
  }
  for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){
    $min = $i;
    for($j=$i+1;$j<$length;$j++){
      if($arr[$j]<$arr[$min]){
        $min = $j;
      }
    }
    if($i != $min){
      $tmp = $arr[$i];
      $arr[$i] = $arr[$min];
      $arr[$min] = $tmp;
    }
  }
  return $arr;
}
echo "选择排序：";
echo implode(&#39; &#39;,SelectSort($arr))."<br/>";

//插入排序
function InsertSort($arr){
  $length = count($arr);
  if($length <=1){
    return $arr;
  }
  for($i=1;$i<$length;$i++){
    $x = $arr[$i];
    $j = $i-1;
    while($x<$arr[$j] && $j>=0){
      $arr[$j+1] = $arr[$j];
      $j--;
    }
    $arr[$j+1] = $x;
  }
  return $arr;
}
echo &#39;插入排序：&#39;;
echo implode(&#39; &#39;,InsertSort($arr))."<br/>";
//---------------------------------------
//       常用查找算法
//---------------------------------------
//二分查找
function binary_search($arr,$low,$high,$key){
  while($low<=$high){
    $mid = intval(($low+$high)/2);
    if($key == $arr[$mid]){
      return $mid+1;
    }elseif($key<$arr[$mid]){
      $high = $mid-1;
    }elseif($key>$arr[$mid]){
      $low = $mid+1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}
$key = 6;
echo "二分查找{$key}的位置：";
echo binary_search(QSort($arr),0,8,$key);

//顺序查找
function SqSearch($arr,$key){
  $length = count($arr);
  for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){
    if($key == $arr[$i]){
      return $i+1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}
$key = 8;
echo "<br/>顺序常规查找{$key}的位置：";
echo SqSearch($arr,$key);
//---------------------------------------
//       常用数据结构
//---------------------------------------
//线性表的删除(数组实现)
function delete_array_element($arr,$pos){
  $length = count($arr);
  if($pos<1 || $pos>$length){
    return "删除位置出错!";
  }
  for($i=$pos-1;$i<$length-1;$i++){
    $arr[$i] = $arr[$i+1];
  }
  array_pop($arr);
  return $arr;
}
$pos = 3;
echo "<br/>除第{$pos}位置上的元素后：";
echo implode(&#39; &#39;,delete_array_element($arr,$pos))."<br/>";

/**
 * Class Node
 * PHP模拟链表的基本操作
 */
class Node{
  public $data = &#39;&#39;;
  public $next = null;
}
//初始化
function init($linkList){
  $linkList->data = 0; //用来记录链表长度
  $linkList->next = null;
}
//头插法创建链表
function createHead(&$linkList,$length){
  for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){
    $newNode = new Node();
    $newNode->data = $i;
    $newNode->next = $linkList->next;//因为PHP中对象本身就是引用所以不用再可用“&”
    $linkList->next = $newNode;
    $linkList->data++;
  }
}
//尾插法创建链表
function createTail(&$linkList,$length){
  $r = $linkList;
  for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){
    $newNode = new Node();
    $newNode->data = $i;
    $newNode->next = $r->next;
    $r->next = $newNode;
    $r = $newNode;
    $linkList->data++;
  }
}
//在指定位置插入指定元素
function insert($linkList,$pos,$elem){
  if($pos<1 && $pos>$linkList->data+1){
    echo "插入位置错误！";
  }
  $p = $linkList;
  for($i=1;$i<$pos;$i++){
    $p = $p->next;
  }
  $newNode = new Node();
  $newNode->data = $elem;
  $newNode->next = $p->next;
  $p->next = $newNode;
}
//删除指定位置的元素
function delete($linkList,$pos){
  if($pos<1 && $pos>$linkList->data+1){
    echo "位置不存在！";
  }
  $p = $linkList;
  for($i=1;$i<$pos;$i++){
    $p = $p->next;
  }
  $q = $p->next;
  $p->next = $q->next;
  unset($q);
  $linkList->data--;
}
//输出链表数据
function show($linkList){
  $p = $linkList->next;
  while($p!=null){
    echo $p->data." ";
    $p = $p->next;
  }
  echo &#39;<br/>&#39;;
}

$linkList = new Node();
init($linkList);//初始化
createTail($linkList,10);//尾插法创建链表
show($linkList);//打印出链表
insert($linkList,3,&#39;a&#39;);//插入
show($linkList);
delete($linkList,3);//删除
show($linkList);

/**
 * Class Stack
 * 用PHP模拟顺序栈的基本操作
 */
class Stack{
  //用默认值直接初始化栈了，也可用构造方法初始化栈
  private $top = -1;
  private $maxSize = 5;
  private $stack = array();

  //入栈
  public function push($elem){
    if($this->top >= $this->maxSize-1){
      echo "栈已满！<br/>";
      return;
    }
    $this->top++;
    $this->stack[$this->top] = $elem;
  }
  //出栈
  public function pop(){
    if($this->top == -1){
      echo "栈是空的！";
      return ;
    }
    $elem = $this->stack[$this->top];
    unset($this->stack[$this->top]);
    $this->top--;
    return $elem;
  }
  //打印栈
  public function show(){
    for($i=$this->top;$i>=0;$i--){
      echo $this->stack[$i]." ";
    }
    echo "<br/>";
  }
}

$stack = new Stack();
$stack->push(3);
$stack->push(5);
$stack->push(8);
$stack->push(7);
$stack->push(9);
$stack->push(2);
$stack->show();
$stack->pop();
$stack->pop();
$stack->pop();
$stack->show();

/**
 * Class Deque
 * 使用PHP实现双向队列
 */
class Deque{
  private $queue = array();
  public function addFirst($item){//头入队
    array_unshift($this->queue,$item);
  }
  public function addLast($item){//尾入队
    array_push($this->queue,$item);
  }
  public function removeFirst(){//头出队
    array_shift($this->queue);
  }
  public function removeLast(){//尾出队
    array_pop($this->queue);
  }
  public function show(){//打印
    foreach($this->queue as $item){
      echo $item." ";
    }
    echo "<br/>";
  }
}
$deque = new Deque();
$deque->addFirst(2);
$deque->addLast(3);
$deque->addLast(4);
$deque->addFirst(5);
$deque->show();

//PHP解决约瑟夫环问题
//方法一
function joseph_ring($n,$m){
  $arr = range(1,$n);
  $i = 0;
  while(count($arr)>1){
    $i=$i+1;
    $head = array_shift($arr);
    if($i%$m != 0){ //如果不是则重新压入数组
      array_push($arr,$head);
    }
  }
  return $arr[0];
}
//方法二
function joseph_ring2($n,$m){
  $r = 0;
  for($i=2;$i<=$n;$i++){
    $r = ($r+$m)%$i;
  }
  return $r + 1;
}
echo "<br/>".joseph_ring(60,5)."<br/>";
echo "<br/>".joseph_ring2(60,5)."<br/>";

The above is the entire content of this article, I hope it will be helpful to everyone learning helps.

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