What are some methods for generating random numbers in PHP?
This time I will bring you some methods of generating random numbers in PHP, and what are the precautions for generating random numbers in PHP. The following is a practical case, let's take a look.
The first method uses mt_rand()
function GetRandStr($length){ $str='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'; $len=strlen($str)-1; $randstr=''; for($i=0;$i<p style="text-align: left;">The second method (fastest)<strong></strong></p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">function make_password( $length = 8 ) { // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 $chars = array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l','m', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y','z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L','M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y','Z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '!', '@','#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '-', '_', '[', ']', '{', '}', '', '~', '`', '+', '=', ',', '.', ';', ':', '/', '?', '|'); // 在 $chars 中随机取 $length 个数组元素键名 $keys = array_rand($chars, $length); $password = ''; for($i = 0; $i <p style="text-align: left;">The third way is to get the current timestamp<strong></strong></p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">function get_password( $length = 8 ) { $str = substr(md5(time()), 0, $length);//md5加密,time()当前时间戳 return $str; }
The fourth way is to scramble the string
function getrandstr(){ $str='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890'; $randStr = str_shuffle($str);//打乱字符串 $rands= substr($randStr,0,6);//substr(string,start,length);返回字符串的一部分 return $rands; }//Start creating
Verification code(Generate directly using functions, which is more convenient and fast)
$code = rand(10000, 99999);php mt_rand compares the effect of generating 0~1 random decimalslcg_value descriptionfloat lcg_value (void)lcg_value() returns a pseudo-random number in the range (0, 1). This function combines two congruential generators with periods 2^31 - 85 and 2^31 - 249. The period of this function is equal to the product of these two prime numbers. Return: pseudo-random number in the range (0, 1).
<?php for($i=0; $i<5; $i++){ echo lcg_value().PHP_EOL; } ?>Output:
0.115165158519950.064684551575297
0.68275174031189
0.55730746529099
0.70215008878091
Two kinds of generation 0~1 random decimal method for comparison
1. Execution time comparison
The running time of executing 100,000 times based on mt_rand() and mt_getrandmax() algorithms<?php /** * 生成0~1随机小数 * @param Int $min * @param Int $max * @return Float */ function randFloat($min=0, $max=1){ return $min + mt_rand()/mt_getrandmax() * ($max-$min); } // 获取microtime function get_microtime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec; } // 记录开始时间 $starttime = get_microtime(); // 执行10万次获取随机小数 for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ randFloat(); } // 记录结束时间 $endtime = get_microtime(); // 输出运行时间 printf("run time %f ms\r\n", ($endtime-$starttime)*1000); ?>Output: run time 266.893148 msThe running time of executing lcg_value() 100,000 times
<?php // 获取microtime function get_microtime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec; } // 记录开始时间 $starttime = get_microtime(); // 执行10万次获取随机小数 for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ lcg_value(); } // 记录结束时间 $endtime = get_microtime(); // 输出运行时间 printf("run time %f ms\r\n", ($endtime-$starttime)*1000); ?>Output: run time 86.178064 msExecution time Compared with the above, because lcg_value() is directly a native PHP method, and mt_rand() and mt_getrandmax() need to call two methods and need to be calculated, so the execution time of lcg_value() is about 3 times faster.
2. Random effect comparison
Random effect based on mt_rand() and mt_getrandmax() algorithms<?php /** * 生成0~1随机小数 * @param Int $min * @param Int $max * @return Float */ function randFloat($min=0, $max=1){ return $min + mt_rand()/mt_getrandmax() * ($max-$min); } header('content-type: image/png'); $im = imagecreatetruecolor(512, 512); $color1 = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255); $color2 = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0); for($y=0; $y<512; $y++){ for($x=0; $x<512; $x++){ $rand = randFloat(); if(round($rand,2)>=0.5){ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color1); }else{ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color2); } } } imagepng($im); imagedestroy($im); ?>Random effect of lcg_value()
<?php header('content-type: image/png'); $im = imagecreatetruecolor(512, 512); $color1 = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255); $color2 = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0); for($y=0; $y<512; $y++){ for($x=0; $x<512; $x++){ $rand = lcg_value(); if(round($rand,2)>=0.5){ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color1); }else{ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color2); } } } imagepng($im); imagedestroy($im); ?>I believe you have mastered the method after reading the case in this article. For more exciting information, please pay attention to other related articles on the php Chinese website! Recommended reading:
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