Details of how to optimize during PHP development

This article mainly introduces the details of how to optimize during the PHP development process. Interested friends can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

PHP's unique syntax mixes C, Java, Perl and PHP's own innovative syntax. It can execute dynamic web pages faster than CGI or Perl. Compared with other programming languages, dynamic pages made with PHP embed programs into HTML documents for execution, and the execution efficiency is much higher than CGI that completely generates HTML tags. Optimization guidelines for 42 programs are introduced below.
　1. If a method can be statically declared, make a static declaration for it. The speed can be increased to 4 times.

　2.echo is faster than print.

　3. Use multiple parameters of echo (Translation: refers to using commas instead of periods) instead of string concatenation.

　4. Determine the maximum number of loops before executing the for loop. Do not calculate the maximum value every time it loops.

　5. Unregister unused variables, especially large arrays, to free up memory.

6. Try to avoid using __get, __set, __autoload.

　7.require_once() is expensive.

　8. Use the full path when including files, and it will take less time to resolve the operating system path.

　9. If you want to know the time when the script starts executing (annotation: that is, the server receives the client request), using $_SERVER[‘REQUEST_TIME’] is better than time().

　10. Functions replace regular expressions to complete the same function.

　11. The str_replace function is faster than the preg_replace function, but the strtr function is four times more efficient than the str_replace function.

　12. If a string replacement function can accept arrays or characters as parameters, and the parameter length is not too long, then you can consider writing an additional replacement code so that each parameter passed is one character instead of Just write one line of code to accept arrays as parameters for query and replace.

　13. It is better to use a selective branch statement (translation annotation: switch case) than to use multiple if, else if statements.

　14. Using @ to block error messages is very inefficient.

　15. Open apache’s mod_deflate module.

　16. The database connection should be closed when finished using it.

　17.$row[‘id’] is 7 times more efficient than $row[id].

　18. Error messages are expensive.

　19. Try not to use functions in for loops. For example, for ($x=0; $x prop) is 3 times slower than incrementing a local variable.

　23. Incrementing an undefined local variable is 9 to 10 times slower than incrementing a predefined local variable.

　24. Just defining a local variable without calling it in a function will also slow down the speed (to the same extent as incrementing a local variable). PHP will probably check to see if a global variable exists.

25. Method calls appear to be independent of the number of methods defined in the class, as I added 10 methods (both before and after the test method) and there was no change in performance.

　26. Methods in derived classes run faster than the same methods defined in base classes.

　27. Calling an empty function with one parameter takes the same time as performing 7 to 8 local variable increment operations. A similar method call takes close to 15 local variable increment operations.

　28. Use single quotes instead of double quotes to enclose the string, which will be faster. Because PHP will search for variables in a string surrounded by double quotes, single quotes will not. Of course, this can only be done if you don't need to include variables in the string.

　29. When outputting multiple strings, use commas instead of periods to separate the strings, which is faster. Note: Only echo can do this. It is a "function" that can take multiple strings as parameters (Annotation: The PHP manual says that echo is a language structure, not a real function, so the function is enclosed in double quotes. ).

　30. The time it takes for Apache to parse a PHP script is 2 to 10 times slower than parsing a static HTML page. Try to use more static HTML pages and less scripts.

　31. Unless the script can be cached, it will be recompiled every time it is called. Introducing a PHP caching mechanism can usually improve performance by 25% to 100% to eliminate compilation overhead.

　32. Try to cache as much as possible, you can use memcached. Memcached is a high-performance memory object caching system that can be used to accelerate dynamic web applications and reduce database load. Caching of OP codes is useful so that scripts do not have to be recompiled for each request.

　33. When operating a string and need to check whether its length meets certain requirements, you will naturally use the strlen() function. This function executes quite quickly because it does not do any calculations and just returns the known length of the string stored in the zval structure (C's built-in data structure used to store PHP variables).

However, since strlen() is a function, it will be somewhat slow, because the function call will go through many steps, such as lowercase letters (Annotation: refers to the lowercase function name, PHP does not distinguish the case of function names ), hash search will be executed together with the called function. In some cases, you can use the isset() trick to speed up the execution of your code.

(举例如下)


　　if (strlen($foo) < 5) { echo "Foo is too short"$$ }


　　(与下面的技巧做比较)


　　if (!isset($foo{5})) { echo "Foo is too short"$$ }

Calling isset() happens to be faster than strlen(), because unlike the latter, isset(), as a language construct, means that its execution does not require function lookups and lowercase letters. change. That is, you actually don't spend much overhead in the top-level code checking the string length.


　34. When executing the increment or decrement of variable $i, $i will be slower than $i. This difference is specific to PHP and does not apply to other languages, so please don't modify your C or Java code and expect it to be instantly faster, it won't work. $i is faster because it only requires 3 instructions (opcodes), while $i requires 4 instructions. Post-increment actually creates a temporary variable that is subsequently incremented. Prefix increment increases directly on the original value. This is a form of optimization, as done by Zend's PHP optimizer.


It's a good idea to keep this optimization in mind because not all command optimizers do the same optimizations and there are a large number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that do not have command optimizers installed. server.


　35. Not everything must be object-oriented (OOP), object-oriented is often very expensive, and each method and object call consumes a lot of memory.


　36. It is not necessary to use classes to implement all data structures, arrays are also useful.


37. Don’t subdivide the methods too much. Think carefully about which code you really intend to reuse?


38. When you need it, you always Able to decompose code into methods.


　39. Try to use a large number of PHP built-in functions.


　40. If there are a large number of time-consuming functions in the code, you can consider implementing them as C extensions.


　41. Profile your code. The checker will tell you which parts of the code take how much time. The Xdebug debugger includes inspection routines that evaluate the overall integrity of your code and reveal bottlenecks in your code.


　42.mod_zip can be used as an Apache module to instantly compress your data and reduce data transmission volume by 80%.

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