Detailed explanation of the use of slots/scoped in Vue

This time I will bring you a detailed explanation of the use of slots/scoped in Vue. What are the precautions for using slots/scoped in Vue. Here are practical cases, let’s take a look.

The following is an example to briefly explain the working principle of slots

The template of the dx-li subcomponent is as follows:

<li class="dx-li">
 <slot>
   你好！
 </slot>
</li>
dx-ul父组件的template如下：
<ul>
 <dx-li>
  hello juejin!
 </dx-li>
</ul>
结合上述例子以及vue中相关源码进行分析
dx-ul父组件中template编译后，生成的组件render函数：
module.exports={
 render:function (){
  var _vm=this;
  var _h=_vm.$createElement;
  var _c=_vm._self._c||_h;
  // 其中_vm.v为createTextVNode创建文本VNode的函数
  return _c('ul', 
    [_c('dx-li', [_vm._v("hello juejin!")])],
    1)
 },
 staticRenderFns: []
}

The passed slot content 'hello juejin!' will be compiled into a child node of the dx-li sub-component VNode node.

Render the dx-li subcomponent, in which the render function of the subcomponent:

module.exports={
 render:function (){
  var _vm=this;
  var _h=_vm.$createElement;
  var _c=_vm._self._c||_h;
  // 其中_vm._v 函数为renderSlot函数
  return _c('li', 
    {staticClass: "dx-li" }, 
    [_vm._t("default", [_vm._v("你好 掘金！")])], 
    2
   )
  },
 staticRenderFns: []
}

During the process of initializing the vue instance of the dx-li subcomponent, the initRender function will be called:

function initRender (vm) {
 ...
 // 其中_renderChildren数组，存储为 'hello juejin!'的VNode节点；renderContext一般为父组件Vue实例
 这里为dx-ul组件实例
 vm.$slots = resolveSlots(options._renderChildren, renderContext);
 ...
}

The resolveSlots function is:

/**
 * 主要作用是将children VNodes转化成一个slots对象.
 */
export function resolveSlots (
 children: ?Array<VNode>,
 context: ?Component
): { [key: string]: Array<VNode> } {
 const slots = {}
 // 判断是否有children，即是否有插槽VNode
 if (!children) {
 return slots
 }
 // 遍历父组件节点的孩子节点
 for (let i = 0, l = children.length; i < l; i++) {
 const child = children[i]
 // data为VNodeData，保存父组件传递到子组件的props以及attrs等
 const data = child.data
 /* 移除slot属性
 * <span slot="abc"></span> 
 * 编译成span的VNode节点data = {attrs:{slot: "abc"}, slot: "abc"},所以这里删除该节点attrs的slot
 */
 if (data && data.attrs && data.attrs.slot) {
  delete data.attrs.slot
 }
 /* 判断是否为具名插槽，如果为具名插槽，还需要子组件/函数子组件渲染上下文一致。主要作用：
 *当需要向子组件的子组件传递具名插槽时，不会保持插槽的名字。
 * 举个栗子：
 * child组件template: 
 * <p>
 * <p class="default"><slot></slot></p>
 * <p class="named"><slot name="foo"></slot></p>
 * </p>
 * parent组件template:
 * <child><slot name="foo"></slot></child>
 * main组件template:
 * <parent><span slot="foo">foo</span></parent>
 * 此时main渲染的结果：
 * <p>
 * <p class="default"><span slot="foo">foo</span></p>
   <p class="named"></p>
 * </p>
 */
 if ((child.context === context || child.fnContext === context) &&
  data && data.slot != null
 ) {
  const name = data.slot
  const slot = (slots[name] || (slots[name] = []))
  // 这里处理父组件采用template形式的插槽
  if (child.tag === 'template') {
  slot.push.apply(slot, child.children || [])
  } else {
  slot.push(child)
  }
 } else {
  // 返回匿名default插槽VNode数组
  (slots.default || (slots.default = [])).push(child)
 }
 }
 // 忽略仅仅包含whitespace的插槽
 for (const name in slots) {
 if (slots[name].every(isWhitespace)) {
  delete slots[name]
 }
 }
 return slots
}

Then when the dx-li component is mounted, the dx-li component render function will be called. In the process, the renderSlot function will be called:

export function renderSlot (
  name: string, // 子组件中slot的name，匿名default
  fallback: ?Array<VNode>, // 子组件插槽中默认内容VNode数组，如果没有插槽内容，则显示该内容
  props: ?Object, // 子组件传递到插槽的props
  bindObject: ?Object // 针对<slot v-bind="obj"></slot> obj必须是一个对象
 ): ?Array<VNode> {
 // 判断父组件是否传递作用域插槽
  const scopedSlotFn = this.$scopedSlots[name]
  let nodes
  if (scopedSlotFn) { // scoped slot
  props = props || {}
  if (bindObject) {
   if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !isObject(bindObject)) {
   warn(
    'slot v-bind without argument expects an Object',
    this
   )
   }
   props = extend(extend({}, bindObject), props)
  }
  // 传入props生成相应的VNode
  nodes = scopedSlotFn(props) || fallback
  } else {
  // 如果父组件没有传递作用域插槽
  const slotNodes = this.$slots[name]
  // warn duplicate slot usage
  if (slotNodes) {
   if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && slotNodes._rendered) {
   warn(
    `Duplicate presence of slot "${name}" found in the same render tree ` +
    `- this will likely cause render errors.`,
    this
   )
   }
   // 设置父组件传递插槽的VNode._rendered，用于后面判断是否有重名slot
   slotNodes._rendered = true
  }
  // 如果没有传入插槽，则为默认插槽内容VNode
  nodes = slotNodes || fallback
  }
  // 如果还需要向子组件的子组件传递slot
  /*举个栗子：
  * Bar组件: <p class="bar"><slot name="foo"/></p>
  * Foo组件：<p class="foo"><bar><slot slot="foo"/></bar></p>
  * main组件：<p><foo>hello</foo></p>
  * 最终渲染：<p class="foo"><p class="bar">hello</p></p>
  */
  const target = props && props.slot
  if (target) {
  return this.$createElement('template', { slot: target }, nodes)
  } else {
  return nodes
  }
 }

scoped slots understanding

The template of the dx-li subcomponent is as follows:

<li class="dx-li"> 
 <slot str="你好 掘金！">
  hello juejin!
 </slot>
</li>
dx-ul父组件的template如下：
<ul>
 <dx-li>
  <span slot-scope="scope">
   {{scope.str}}
  </span>
 </dx-li>
</ul>
结合例子和Vue源码简单作用域插槽
dx-ul父组件中template编译后，产生组件render函数：
module.exports={
 render:function (){
  var _vm=this;
  var _h=_vm.$createElement;
  var _c=_vm._self._c||_h;
   return _c('ul', [_c('dx-li', {
   // 可以编译生成一个对象数组
   scopedSlots: _vm._u([{
    key: "default",
    fn: function(scope) {
    return _c('span', 
     {},
     [_vm._v(_vm._s(scope.str))]
    )
    }
   }])
   })], 1)
  },
 staticRenderFns: []
 }

The _vm._u function:

function resolveScopedSlots (
 fns, // 为一个对象数组，见上文scopedSlots
 res
) {
 res = res || {};
 for (var i = 0; i < fns.length; i++) {
  if (Array.isArray(fns[i])) {
   // 递归调用
   resolveScopedSlots(fns[i], res);
  } else {
   res[fns[i].key] = fns[i].fn;
  }
 }
 return res
}

The subsequent rendering process of the subcomponent is similar to slots. The principle of scoped slots is basically the same as that of slots. The difference is that when compiling the parent component template, a function that returns a VNode will be generated. When the child component matches the scope slot function passed by the parent component, the function is called to generate the corresponding VNode.

Summary

In fact, the principle of slots/scoped slots is very simple. We only need to understand that when vue renders components, it is based on VNode Renders actual DOM elements.

Slots are slot VNodes generated by compiling parent components. When rendering sub-components, they are placed in the corresponding sub-component rendering VNode tree.

scoped slots compiles the slot content in the parent component into a function. When rendering the sub-component, pass in the sub-component props and generate the corresponding VNode. Finally, the subcomponent returns the VNode node tree according to the component render function, and updates to render the real DOM elements. At the same time, it can be seen that passing slots across components is also possible, but care must be taken to pass named slots.

I believe you have mastered the method after reading the case in this article. For more exciting information, please pay attention to other related articles on the php Chinese website!

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