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@classmethod in Python

不言
不言Original
2018-04-21 14:37:193069browse

下面为大家分享一篇对Python中的@classmethod用法详解,具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助。一起过来看看吧

在Python面向对象编程中的类构建中,有时候会遇到@classmethod的用法。

总感觉有这种特殊性说明的用法都是高级用法,在我这个层级的水平中一般是用不到的。

不过还是好奇去查了一下。

大致可以理解为:使用了@classmethod修饰的方法是类专属的,而且是可以通过类名进行调用的。为了能够展示其与一般方法的差异,写一段简单的代码如下:

class DemoClass:
    @classmethod
    def classPrint(self):
       print("class method")
    def objPrint(self):
       print("obj method")
 
obj = DemoClass()
obj.objPrint()
obj.classPrint()
 
DemoClass.classPrint()
DemoClass.objPrint()

程序的执行结果如下:

grey@DESKTOP-3T80NPQ:/mnt/e/01_workspace/02_programme_language/03_python/03_OOP/2017/08$python classmethod.py
obj method
class method
class method
Traceback (mostrecent call last):
 File "classmethod.py", line 13, in<module>
  DemoClass.objPrint()
TypeError: unboundmethod objPrint() must be called with DemoClass instance as first argument (gotnothing instead)
grey@DESKTOP-3T80NPQ:/mnt/e/01_workspace/02_programme_language/03_python/03_OOP/2017/08$exit
exit
 
E:\01_workspace\02_programme_language\03_python\03_OOP\2017\08>pythonclassmethod.py
obj method
class method
class method
Traceback (mostrecent call last):
 File "classmethod.py", line 13, in<module>
  DemoClass.objPrint()
TypeError:objPrint() missing 1 required positional argument: &#39;self&#39;

上面的程序执行,我是在两个操作系统中的两个Python版本环境中进行的。不管是Py2还是Py3,这方面的设计都是差不多的。总体来说,这种用法还是很微妙的。由于没有足够的实战历练,暂时还说不好这个东西有什么更好的优势。

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