Cookie As cookies, the online world is full of them. Without cookie, it is estimated that most website authentication functions will be invalid. This shows the importance of cookie. What I bring to you today are some little things about php and cookie.
  • The experimental object in this article is pure php, without any framework php. Therefore, all writing methods are native, please know.

  • cookieBefore output, please make sure that no page is output. Even a single whitespace character won't work. Uncle Sunan remembered the classic pitfall for php novices: When the php file is saved as utf8, it must be nobom.

Related recommendations: "php cookie (topic)"

Option 1: setcookie Function

PHP
bool setcookie ( string $name [, string $value = "" [, int $expire = 0 [, string $path = "" [, string $domain = "" [, bool $secure = false [, bool $httponly = false ]]]]]] )

The function description is here: https://doc.php.sh/zh/function.setcookie.html.

  • $name Needless to say, the cookie project name is usually a string similar to "str", but it can also be in the form of an array, such as "arr[one ]".
  • $value will be escaped during the transmission process, for example, spaces will become plus signs, etc. The escape function, according to Uncle Sunan's inference, should be urlencode.
  • $expire Timestamp, seconds instead of milliseconds, cookie expiration time, is a specific time point, not a time period, PHP will further convert it to GMT Format. . Generally, this time is controlled to a past time to delete cookies. If left blank or filled with 0, it will take effect during the browser session and will become invalid when the browser is closed. When indicating the expiration time, there are two in the http protocol, expire and max-age. Currently, the expire expiration time is still set in PHP, but from the perspective of the http protocol, expire has begun to be replaced by max-age. Expire refers to the time point of expiration, and max-age is the number of seconds after which it will expire.
  • $path The effective directory of cookie is generally configured with $domain, and is generally set to /.
  • $domain This parameter needs special attention. If not filled in, it will default to the current domain name. If you fill it in, generally speaking, you need to use $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] to obtain the domain name yourself. And if you fill it out actively, the final cookie scope will be all the subdomains filled in. If you fill in "newsn.net", then when reflected to the browser, the final value is ".newsn.net". Note that adding a "." in front of it expands the range of expression.
  • $secure Another very weird parameter indicates whether is only passed to the client through a secure HTTPS connection. If set to true, if the current website environment is not https, then the entire cookie will be completely invalid. However, we can find through packet capture that this cookie has been set by PHP, but has been invalidated on the browser side. In php, you can use isset($_SERVER["HTTPS"]) to determine whether https is supported.
  • $httponly The position of this parameter is also very awkward, it is the last one of all optional parameters. To set it, you must first set $domain and $secure, which seem to be unnecessary settings. In the current network environment, $httponly should be a strongly recommended setting value. For details, please refer to Uncle Sunan’s follow-up httponly article: https://newsn.net/tag/httponly/.

So, it is very likely that the php statement you need is like this:

PHP
setcookie("cookie_name", "cookie_value", time() + 3600, "/", $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'], isset($_SERVER["HTTPS"]), true);

Option 2: setrawcookieFunction

PHP
bool setrawcookie ( string $name [, string $value [, int $expire = 0 [, string $path [, string $domain [, bool $secure = false [, bool$ httponly = false ]]]]]] )

setrawcookie和setcookie，基本一致，区别就在于对$value的处理。下面的两条语句是一致的效果：

PHP
setcookie($name,$value);setrawcookie($name,urlencode($value));

特别说明：

  • urlencode和rawurlencode是有区别的，两者的区别不在本篇文章中叙述。需要明确的就是，两者是有区别的。
  • 当setrawcookie的$value，不进行encode操作的话，如果里面含有空格的话，整条语句都是失效的。并且不会报错！所以，setrawcookie必须联合urlencode才能保证其正确性。但是这个时候，就不如使用setcookie了。

方案三：header输出cookie

set cookie函数，如果想要生效，也是通过header设置浏览器端进而生效的。所以通过header输出也是可行的。那么关于写出几条等价的header操作，大家对比学习一下：

PHP
header("Set-Cookie:cookie_name1_cp=" . urlencode("浏览器关闭失效"));setcookie("cookie_name1", "浏览器关闭失效");

PHP sets cookies [three options]

PHP
header("Set-Cookie:cookie_name=" . urlencode("设置有效域名/https/httponly") . "; expires=" . gmstrftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time() + 3600*24) . "; Max-Age=3600; path=/; domain= ".$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']."; httponly");setcookie("cookie_name3", "设置有效域名/https/httponly", time() + 3600*24, "/", $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'], isset($_SERVER["HTTPS"]),true);

PHP sets cookies [three options]

需要注意的是：

  • 设置内容的时候，会对特殊字符进行转义。setcookie的转义是自动的，header的转义是主动的。
  • 使用header的时候，过期时间是个gmt时间字符串，而setcookie是个时间戳。
  • 设置域名的时候，两者都直接写的域名，但是生效的时候，生效的是.域名，就是说生效范围包括二级域名。
  • header比setcookie好的地方在于：它可以跳过哪些过期时间/域名/path等参数，直接设置httponly。

最后对比

下面来个php的cookie相关函数的终极对决：

PHP
<?php
$val="我是中文 newsn.net";setcookie("cookie_normal",$val);setrawcookie("cookie_raw",urlencode($val));setrawcookie("cookie_raw2",rawurlencode($val));header("Set-Cookie:cookie_header=带 空 + 格 的中文",false);?><script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script><script src="js/jquery.cookie.js"></script><script>  var cookie_normal=$.cookie(&#39;cookie_normal&#39;);  var cookie_raw=$.cookie(&#39;cookie_raw&#39;);  var cookie_raw2=$.cookie(&#39;cookie_raw2&#39;);  var cookie_header=$.cookie(&#39;cookie_header&#39;);
  document.write(document.cookie+"<br/><br/>normal:"+cookie_normal+",<br/>raw:"+cookie_raw+",<br/>raw2:"+cookie_raw2+",<br/>header:"+cookie_header);</script>

PHP sets cookies [three options]

这些cookie值使用了不同的方法进行了设置。里面含有空格和加号。从结果中，我们得出如下结论：

  • setcookie和setrawcookie中的中文，用document.cookie不能顺利读出，但是用jquery.cookie可以顺利读出。
  • jquery的cookie插件，均正确读取了php端的各种cookie值。但是读取header中的值时，对加号的处理似乎有些问题。
  • document.cookie，只能正常读取header设置的中文。即使中文中带有空格，也能正常读取。这也是最正常，表现最好的组合。

Summary

On the surface, using header to set cookie and using the setcookie function to set cookie are The same effect can be obtained. Uncle Sunan believes that using header to set cookie is better than setcookie. Related matters will be continued in the next article. Stay tuned.

In actual operation, there are still unexpected things.