Detailed explanation of the difference and usage between json and jsonp

This time I will bring you a detailed explanation of the difference and usage between json and jsonp. What are the precautions when using json and jsonp? Here are practical cases, let’s take a look.

In a nutshell, json returns a string of data; while jsonp returns script code (including a function call); next, this article will introduce to you the difference between json and jsonp and how to obtain json through ajax. For the conversion of data format, friends who need it can refer to

The difference between json and jsonp (json is the purpose, jsonp is just the means) is introduced as follows:

In a nutshell, json returns a string of data; jsonp returns script code (including a function call);

JSON is actually an object in JavaScript, with var obj={} Qualitatively exactly the same, but quantitatively infinitely expandable. To put it simply, json is actually an object (Object) and an array (Array, actually an object) in JavaScript. These two good friends are there, you embed me and I embed you in n layers, so as to simulate many complex data structure.

Json is easy for people to read and write, and it is also easy for machines to parse and generate. It has a relatively high network transmission rate. Functional websites often need to exchange large amounts of data frequently on the front and back ends, and JSON relies on its powerful expressiveness and beautiful appearance. Value gradually became the ideal front-end and back-end data exchange language. As for senior xml, I think he should retire like Microsoft's xp.

The front-end and back-end data exchange format under the same origin (children's shoes who don't understand the same origin strategy, please go to Baidu) is determined to use json, so the question is, what if I want to obtain the data provided on other people's websites? Arrive? That is, the problem of reading data across domains (don’t go too far and say that you don’t need to read data from other websites, believe me, you will need it sooner or later). Is json okay? The answer is No Way. Why? Because json is just an ordinary text format that allows you to get it easily. There will be no security and confidentiality at all on the server. In this case, the Internet world will be in chaos. Those awesome people on this question The specifiers of The final result is that only tags such as img, script, and iframe that can specify the src attribute have the ability to obtain data on other people's websites across domains (pictures, scripts, and source files are actually data). For example:

<!--京东商品图片-->
<img  src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="http://img30.360buyimg.com/jgsq-productsoa/jfs/t2407/323/1635505465/47386/f2d89d88/56615e00N7a475ee6.jpg" class="lazy" alt="Detailed explanation of the difference and usage between json and jsonp" >
<!--百度CDN-->
<script></script>

It seems that directly obtaining json is not feasible. Is there any other way to get the data? So jsonp was discovered by smart developers. Why is it said to be a discovery rather than an invention? Because it does not involve any new technology, just like the discovery of ajax.

The principle of jsonp is this. Website A needs to obtain the data of website B. Website B said I will give you a method, [1. You use tag first obtains the open.js file (the responsibility of website B), which contains the data you need. 2. The name of the method you use to process the data after obtaining the data (you have to process the data) must be named foo (responsibility and obligation of the data requester)]. This is equivalent to establishing an agreement between website B and the person requesting the data, requiring The requester must act in accordance with the rules. If the requester cannot comply with the above two at the same time, the data cannot be obtained as expected. Well..., this is equivalent to establishing an unspoken rule.

open.js content

foo({"name":"B","age":23});　　//为什么不直接写成json数据{"name":"B","age":23}呢，原因很简单，在js文件总得合乎js语法吧
//这也是为什么协议中明确规定处理数据的方法名必须命名为foo，因为B网站是在假定请求者的脚本中已经定义了数据处理方法foo的情况下返回数据；
//不然就会报foo is not defined错误

Website A script must have

function foo(data){
console.log(data);
//ToDo.. 
}

ah! Although it took a turn, the data was finally obtained. Website A and Website B were very happy. Then the problem came again. Website C said that it also needed to obtain the data of Website B. Website B handed it the agreement, and Website C took it. At first glance, the name foo has been used in line 6868 of its own script file, and has been used in every corner of the script. Bulk replacement will lead to many potential bugs. Website B decided to change foo to Fool, website A jumped up immediately, because its own website has used foo to reference data in many places.

In order to avoid the above situation from happening, those awesome developers used the method of dynamically generating js files. The php version is as follows:

open.php

<?php header(&#39;Content-type: application/javascript&#39;);
$jsonCallback = htmlspecialchars($_REQUEST [&#39;callback&#39;]); //获取请求者自定义的回调函数名
$jsonData =&#39;{"name":"B","age":23}&#39;; //待返回的json数据
echo $jsonCallback . "(" . $jsonData . ")"; //输出jsonp格式的数据，即一行函数调用语句
?>

Um..., as for why php can return js format files, Baidu.

So website A uses to request data without modifying any variables. , the content of the script file returned to A is:

foo({"name":"B","age":23}); //所谓的jsonp，就是一句函数调用，数据都被包裹传递到参数中了，千万别穿个马甲就不认识了 
网站C就用<script></script>来请求数据，返回给C的脚本文件内容是：
blah({"name":"B","age":23}); 
网站N就用<script></script>来请求数据，返回给N的脚本文件内容是：
what({"name":"B","age":23});

Problem Solved. Everyone has obtained the expected data and avoided naming conflicts.

jsonp全名叫做json with padding，很形象，就是把json对象用符合js语法的形式包裹起来以使其它网站可以请求得到，也就是将json数据封装成js文件；

json是理想的数据交换格式，但没办法跨域直接获取，于是就将json包裹(padding)在一个合法的js语句中作为js文件传过去。这就是json和jsonp的区别，json是想要的东西，jsonp是达到这个目的而普遍采用的一种方法，当然最终获得和处理的还是json。所以说json是目的，jsonp只是手段。json总会用到，而jsonp只有在跨域获取数据才会用到。

理解了json和jsonp的区别之后，其实ajax里的跨域获取数据就很好理解和实现了，同源时候并没有什么特别的，直接取就行，跨域时候需要拐个弯来达到目的。

附上jquery中ajax请求json数据实例：

（同源）：

$.ajax({
url:"persons.json",
success:function(data){
　　　　console.log(data);
　　 　 //ToDo..
　 }
});

（跨域）：

$.ajax({
url:"http://www.B.com/open.php?callback=?",
dataType:"jsonp",
success:function(data){
console.log(data);
//ToDo..
}
});

jquery已把jsonp封装进ajax，很合理，因为毕竟绝大多数的jsonp请求都是ajax，关于jquery的ajax具体用法请自行百度，另外要注意的一点就是不同的网站提供的数据接口的$_REQUEST ['callback']中不一定绝对是callback也可能是cb,cbk等，具体使用时务必阅读服务端提供的有关接口使用的详细文档。

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