CSS3 shape summary

This time I will bring you a summary of the shapes of Css3. What are the precautions when using Css3 shapes? The following is a practical case, let’s take a look.

1. Adaptive ellipse

border-radius feature:

• The horizontal and vertical radii can be specified separately, and the value It can be a percentage, just use / (slash) to separate the two values ​​(adaptive width ellipse can be implemented).

• You can also separately specify four horizontal and vertical radii with different angles (semi-ellipse can be realized)

• Quarter ellipse, mainly It is to adjust the horizontal and vertical radius

Sample code:

.wrap{
            border-radius: 50% / 30%;
            width: 60px;
            height: 80px;
            background: yellow;
        }
        .wrap02{
            width: 60px;
            height: 80px;
            background: yellow;
            border-radius: 50% / 100% 100% 0 0;
        }
        .wrap03{
            width: 60px;
            height: 80px;
            background: yellow;
            border-radius: 100% 0 0 0;
        }

2. Flat quadrilateral

• Needs to be applied to the skewX of transform for distortion

• Mainly solve the problem that the container becomes a flat quadrilateral, while the internal text and elements are displayed vertically

• Nested elements, internal elements can be reversely twisted using skew. Nested inner elements must be block because transform cannot be applied to inline elements.

• Use pseudo-elements to distort (:before)

.wrap{
            width: 80px;
            height: 40px;
            transform: skewX(-45deg);
            background: yellow;
        }
        .wrap>p{
            transform: skewX(45deg); 
        }
        .btn{
            position: relative;
            padding: 10px;
        }
        .btn:before{
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            top: 0px;
            left: 0px;
            right: 0px;
            bottom: 0px;
            z-index: -1;
            background: #85a;
            transform: skewX(-45deg);
        }

Three, rhombus

• Apply the nesting of elements, and the outer and inner elements rotate with each other to achieve an octagonal shape;

• Design internal elements max The width of -width is 100%, so that the entire picture can only fill the entire outer p; the

• scale attribute controls the magnification of the picture, and the default is that the center point is the origin of magnification ( The Pythagorean Theorem will be used, do not specify transform-origin additionally).

.wrap{
            width: 200px;
            transform: rotate(-45deg);
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        .wrap > img{
            transform: rotate(45deg) scale(1.42); 
            max-width: 100%;
        }

4. Corner cutting effect

• Using linear-gradient can Set angle, multi-value and gradient transparency to achieve this.

• You also need to pay attention to the settings of the background-size and background-repeat properties to prevent overlapping backgrounds from causing the effect to not take effect

.wrap{
            width: 200px;
            height: 100px;
            background: #58a;
            background: linear-gradient(-135deg, transparent 15px, #58a 0px) top right,
            linear-gradient(135deg,transparent 15px, #655 0px) top left,
            linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent 15px, #58a 0px) bottom right, 
            linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 15px, #655 0px) bottom left;
            background-size: 50% 50%;
            background-repeat: no-repeat;
        }

• You can use border-image to achieve corner cutting and set the value of border-image-slice (the picture border is offset inward) ;

• border-image uses svg to make pictures

• border sets the width + transparency, plus the border-image-slice is biased inward Shifting creates a border with cut corners;

• background-clip: It must be set to padding-box, otherwise the background will extend to the border.

.wrapSvg{
            border:15px solid transparent;
            border-image: 1 url('data:image/svg+xml, <svg><polygon></polygon></svg>');
            margin-top: 50px;
            width: 200px;
            height: 100px; 
            background: #58a;
            background-clip: padding-box;
        }

Other solutions

• Utilize clip-path attribute, but not fully supported

• css4 will directly give the corner-path attribute to support corner cutting

5. Trapezoid pattern

Understand the basic principles of transform

a and d represent scaling and cannot be 0; c and b control tilt; e and f control displacement

• translate (displacement): matrix (1,0,0,1,x,y)

• scale(scale): matrix(x,0,0,y,0,0);

• skew (skew): matrix(1,tany,tanx,1,0,0), since the input is deg (angle), the angle needs to be converted into a radian value

• rotate (rotation): matrix(cosN,sinN,-sinN,cosN,0,0), convert angles to radians

The above values ​​are all applied with transform- The value of origin is related. It is the origin of rotation of the positioning element. It can be top, bottom, center, etc. You can specify three coordinate systems: x, y, and z.

perpective:透视，不可以负数，0或百分比，只能是数值；

• 表示观察者到被观察物体的一段距离

• 透视距离与物体越远，物体就会显得越小

• 透视只能设置在变形元素的父级或祖先级，因为浏览器会为其子级的变形产生透视效果

• 在3d变换上没有倾斜(skew)这个属性。 

六、简单的饼图

动画饼图，效果如下：

实现步骤如下：

画出一个yellowgreen的圆，并利用linear-gradient设置background-image的值，实现两种颜色各显示一半的功能：

然后加入一个伪元素，继承父级（真实元素）的背景色，然后用rotate旋转即可

• 要利用margin-left让其靠左

• 利用transform-origin设置其旋转定位点

动画展示代码如下：

@keyframes spin{
            to{ transform: rotate(.5turn); }
        }
        @keyframes bg{
            50%{ background-color: #655; }
        }
        .wrap{
            width: 100px; height: 100px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            background: yellowgreen;
            background-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 50%, #655 0); 
        } 
        .wrap::before{
            content: '';
            display: block;
            margin-left: 50%;
            background-color: inherit;
            height: 100%; 
            border-radius: 0 100% 100% 0 / 50%;
            transform-origin: left;
            animation:spin 3s linear infinite,
                bg 6s step-end infinite;
        }

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