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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialA complete collection of regular expressions in js

这次给大家带来js中的正则表达式大全,在js中使用正则表达式的注意事项有哪些,下面就是实战案例,一起来看一下。

1、什么是正则?

正则也叫做规则,让计算机能够读懂人类的规则(正则都是操作字符串的)

2、什么是正则表达式?

正则表达式是由一个字符序列形成的搜索模式。

当你在文本中搜索数据时,你可以用搜索模式来描述你要查询的内容。

正则表达式可以是一个简单的字符,或一个更复杂的模式。

正则表达式可用于所有文本搜索和文本替换的操作。

3、正则的写法

var  re = /a/;      正则的简写,其中a是字符串。如果写作 var re  = /'a'/;此种写法是错误的

var  re = new  RegExp('a');  正则表达式的全写(除了必须要用全写的形式一般建议用简写)注意:当正则需要传参的时候一定要用全称的写法

正则中的常用转义字符

\ s : 空  格    \ S : 非空格    

\ d : 数  字    \ D :  非数字    

\w : 字  符    \ W :  非字符    

//在正则中,数字,字母,下划线统统都是字符

.  :  代表任意字符    \ .  :  代表真正的点    

\ b :独立部分    \ B : 非独立的部分    

正则表达式中的量词

{4,7} :最少出现4次,最多出现7次    {4,} :最少出现4次    

{4} :正好出现4次    + :至少出现1次,是{1,}的简写    

? :0次或1次{0,1}    * :至少出现0次{0,}    

^   :放正则的最开始位置,就代表起始的位置    $ : 放正则的最后位置,就代表结束的意思    

正则中的默认是区分大小写的,如果想要不区分大小写,在正则的最后加标识 i  var re = /B/i;

正则默认:正则匹配成功就会结束,不会继续匹配,如果想要全部查找,就要加标识g(全局匹配)。

| :在正则表达式中表示‘或’的意思

正则表达式的字符类:一组相似的字符 [ ]中括号的整体代表一个字符

排除:^ 前面我们已经知道,如果^放在正则的最开始位置,就代表起始的位置,那么如果^放在[ ]里面的话,就代表排除的意思

范围:[a-z] : a~z 的26个字符,整体只代表一位

var str = 'abc';  
var re = /a[^bde]c/;  
alert(re.test(str))//false   
var str = 'abc';  
var re = /a[bde]/;  
alert(re.test(str));// true  
       \ 数字:重复子项
   \ 1:重复的第一个子项
   \ 2:重复的第二个子项
[html] view plain copy
var str = 'abca';  
var re = /(a)(b)(c)\1/;  
alert(re.test(str));//true  
[html] view plain copy
var str1 = 'c9';  
var str2  'cc';  
alert(/\w\w/.test(str1));//true  
alert(/(\w)\1/.test(str2));//true

5、正则表达式的常用方法

test、search、mach、replace

test:正则去匹配字符串,如果匹配成功就返回真,如果匹配失败就返回假

test的写法:正则.text(字符串);

例:

var str1 = 'abcdef';  
var re = /b/;  
alert(re.test(str));  //true

search:正则去匹配字符串,如果匹配成功,就返回匹配成功的位置,如果匹配失败就返回-1

说明

search() 方法不执行全局匹配,它将忽略标志 g。它同时忽略 regexp 的 lastIndex 属性,并且总是从字符串的开始进行检索,这意味着它总是返回 stringObject 的第一个匹配的位置。

search的写法:字符串.search(正则);

例:

var str2 = 'abcde';  
var re = /b/;  
alert(str.search(re));  // 1

match:正则去匹配字符串,如果匹配成功,就返回匹配成功的数组,如果匹配不成功就返回null。

说明:这个方法的行为在很大程度上有赖于 regexp 是否具有标志 g。

match的写法:字符串.match(正则);

例:

var  str = ‘haj123sdk443nas33kdjalsd879’;  
var re = /\d/g;  
alert(str.match(re));   //[1,2,3,4,4,3,3,3,8,7,9]

例:

var re = /\d\d/g;  
alert(str.match(re)); // [12,44,33,87];

replace:正则去匹配字符串,匹配成功的字符去替换成新的字符串,replace的第二个参数可以是字符串,也可以是一个回调函数

replace的写法:字符串.replace(正则,新的字符串); 或者为 :字符串.replace(正则,回调函数);

例:

var str = 'aaa';  
var re = /a/;  
str = str.replace(re,'b');  
alert(str);  //baa

第一个参数是正则,第二个参数是带$符的字符串

var str3 = '这是一段原始文本,"3c这要替换4d"!';  
var newStr = str3.replace( /([0-9])([a-z])/g,"$1" );  
console.log( newStr );    //输出:    这是一段原始文本,"3这要替换4"!';

注:此例子为引用点击打开链接

上面的例子是当replace的第二个参数是字符串时,相对来说是比较简单的,那么接下来我们就一起看看当replace的第二个参数是回调函数时的情况。那么在写之前我们先来了解一下正则中的匹配子项

正则中的匹配子项

匹配子项:小括号()。小括号还有另外一个意思,即分组操作

把正则中的整体叫做‘母亲’,然后把左边第一个小括号里面的正则叫第一个子项(母亲的第一个孩子),第二个小括号就是第二个子项,以此类推

注:下面的两个例子为引用点击打开链接

例:1)、回调函数只有一个参数的时候,则函数的参数为匹配的正则的整体

var str4 = '这是一段原始文本,需要替换的内容"aa这要bbb替换ccccc"!';  
var newStr = str4.replace( /[a-z]+/g,function ($0){  
    var str = '';  
    for (var i = 0; i < $0.length; i++) {  
        str += &#39;*&#39;;  
    };  
    return str;  
} );  
console.log( newStr );    //这是一段原始文本,需要替换的内容"**这要***替换*****"!

      2)、回调函数有多个参数的时候,且看如下例题

var str5 = &#39;这是一段原始文本,需要替换的内容"3c这要替换4d"!&#39;;  
var newStr = str5.replace( /([0-9])([a-z])/g,function (arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5){  
 console.log( arg1 );  
  console.log( arg2 );  
  console.log( arg3 );  
  console.log( arg4 );  
  console.log( arg5 );  
} );  
//输出:  
3c  
3  
c  
17  
这是一段原始文本,需要替换的内容"3c这要替换4d"!  
4d  
4  
d  
23  
这是一段原始文本,需要替换的内容"3c这要替换4d"!

上面的例子第一个参数arg1表示匹配的整体,arg2表示第一个子表达式,arg3表示第二个子表达式,接下来的参数arg4是一个整数,声明了表示子匹配在 stringObject 中出现的位置。最后一个参数是 stringObject 本身。

以上就是我对正则表达式知识的整理,具体实例也在整理中

相信看了本文案例你已经掌握了方法,更多精彩请关注php中文网其它相关文章!

相关阅读:

Spring的配置

web.xml的配置

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