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CSS implementation of Sticky Footer tutorial

小云云Original: 2018-01-27 10:10:442053browse

This article mainly introduces the relevant information about the sample code for implementing Sticky Footer with CSS. The editor thinks it is quite good, so I will share it with you now and give it as a reference. Let’s follow the editor to take a look, I hope it can help everyone.

The so-called "Sticky Footer" is not a new front-end concept and technology. It refers to a web page effect: if the page content is not long enough, the footer is fixed at the bottom of the browser window; When the content is long enough, the footer is fixed at the very bottom of the page. But if the content of the web page is not long enough, the bottom footer will remain at the bottom of the browser window.

Implementation

Method

1. Change the content part Set the bottom margin to a negative number

This is a more mainstream usage. Set the minimum height of the content part to 100%, and then use the negative bottom margin value of the content part to achieve that when the height is not satisfied, the page The feet remain at the bottom of the window and will be pushed out when the height is exceeded.

<body>
  <p class="wrapper">
      content
    <p class="push"></p>
  </p>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>html, body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}
.wrapper {
  min-height: 100%;
  /* 等于footer的高度 */
  margin-bottom: -50px;
}
.footer,
.push {
  height: 50px;
}

This method requires additional placeholder elements in the container (such as .push)

It should be noted that the margin-bottom value of .wrapper needs to It is consistent with the negative height value of .footer, which is not very friendly.

2. Set the top margin of the footer to a negative number

Since we can use negative margin bottom on the container, can we use negative margin top? sure.

Add a parent element outside the content, and make the bottom padding of the content part equal to the value of the footer height.

<body>
  <p class="content">
    <p class="content-inside">
      content
    </p>
  </p>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>html, body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}
.content {
  min-height: 100%;
}
.content-inside {
  padding: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 50px;
}
.footer {
  height: 50px;
  margin-top: -50px;
}

However, this method is the same as the previous one, requiring additional unnecessary html elements.

3. Use flexbox layout

The footer height of the above three methods is fixed. Generally speaking, this is not conducive to web page layout: the content will change. They are both elastic and will break the layout once the content exceeds the fixed height. So use flexbox for the footer, so that its height can become larger, smaller, and more beautiful~ (≧∇≦)

<body>
  <p class="content">
    content
  </p>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>html {
  height: 100%;
}
body {
  min-height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.content {
  flex: 1;
}

You can also add a header above or below Add more elements. You can choose one of the following techniques:

flex: 1 Make the height of the content (such as .content) freely scalable
margin-top : auto

##Remember, we have the "Complete Guide to Flexbox (English)"~

4. absolute

Processing through absolute positioning should be a common solution, as long as the footer is always positioned in the reserved space of the main container.

<p class="wrapper">
    <p class="content"><!-- 页面主体内容区域 --></p>
    <p class="footer"><!-- 需要做到 Sticky Footer 效果的页脚 --></p>
</p>html, body {
    height: 100%;
}
.wrapper {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 100%;
    padding-bottom: 50px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.footer {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    height: 50px;
}

This solution requires specifying 100% height of html and body, and the padding-bottom of content needs to be consistent with the height of footer.

5. calc

Calculate (window height - footer height) through the calculation function calc to give the minimum height to the content area. No additional style processing is required, and the amount of code is minimal. ,the easiest.

<p class="wrapper">
    <p class="content"><!-- 页面主体内容区域 --></p>
    <p class="footer"><!-- 需要做到 Sticky Footer 效果的页脚 --></p>
</p>.content {
    min-height: calc(100vh - 50px);
}
.footer {
    height: 50px;
}

This is an ideal implementation if there is no need to consider the compatibility of calc() and vh units. The same problem is that the height value of footer needs to be consistent with the calculated value in content.

6. table

Use the table attribute to make the page appear in the form of a table.

<p class="wrapper">
    <p class="content"><!-- 页面主体内容区域 --></p>
    <p class="footer"><!-- 需要做到 Sticky Footer 效果的页脚 --></p>
</p>html, body {
    height: 100%;
}
.wrapper {
    display: table;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 100%;
}
.content {
    display: table-row;
    height: 100%;
}

It should be noted that there is a common style restriction when using the table solution. Usually attributes such as margin, padding, and border will not meet expectations. The author does not recommend using this solution. Of course, the problem can also be solved: don't write other styles on the table.

7. Use Grid grid layout

grid is much newer than flexbox, and is better and simpler. We also have "Grid Complete Guide (English)"~

<body>
  <p class="content">
    content
  </p>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>html {
  height: 100%;
}
body {
  min-height: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr auto;
}
.footer {
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-row-end: 3;
}

Unfortunately, Grid layout currently only supports Chrome Canary and Firefox Developer Edition versions.

Summary

The author has tried all the above implementation solutions in the project. Each implementation method is actually similar, and it also has its own pros and cons. Some of the solutions have restrictive issues and require a fixed footer height; some of them require adding additional elements or hacking methods. Students can choose the most suitable solution based on the specific needs of the page.

Of course, technology is constantly being updated, and there may be many different and better solutions. But I believe everyone’s ultimate goal is the same, for a better user experience!

Related recommendations:

Detailed explanation of Sticky footer layout of CSS classic layout

What is Sticky footer layout?

Sticky Footer Detailed explanation of two routines at the absolute bottom

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