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Detailed explanation of nextTick function source code in Vue

小云云
小云云Original
2018-01-15 16:53:151560browse

This article mainly introduces the source code analysis of the nextTick function in Vue. The editor thinks it is quite good, so I will share it with you now and give it as a reference. Let’s follow the editor to take a look, I hope it can help everyone.

1. What is Vue.nextTick()?

The official document explains as follows:

A delayed callback executed after the next DOM update cycle ends. Use this method immediately after modifying the data to get the updated DOM.

2. Why use nextTick?


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 <title>演示Vue</title>
 <script src="https://tugenhua0707.github.io/vue/vue1/vue.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body>
 <p id="app">
  <template>
  <p ref="list">
   {{name}}
  </p>
  </template>
 </p>
 <script>
  new Vue({
  el: &#39;#app&#39;,
  data: {
   name: &#39;aa&#39;
  },
  mounted() {
   this.updateData();
  },
  methods: {
   updateData() {
   var self = this;
   this.name = &#39;bb&#39;;
   console.log(this.$el.textContent); // aa
   this.$nextTick(function(){
    console.log(self.$el.textContent); // bb
   });
   }
  }
  });
 </script>
 </body>
</html>

The above code displays bb on the page view, but when I log in to the console When printing, the text content obtained is still aa, but after using nextTick, the text content obtained is the latest content bb, so in this case, we can use the nextTick function.

Why does the above code change this.name = 'bb'; and then use console.log(this.$el.textContent); to print the value still aa? That's because after setting the value of name, the DOM has not been updated, so the obtained value is still the previous value. However, when we put it in the nextTick function, the code will be executed after the DOM is updated, so after the DOM is updated, the element is obtained again. The latest value can be obtained.

Understand DOM updates: In VUE, when we modify a value in the data, it will not be immediately reflected in the el. Vue will put the changed data into an asynchronous queue of the watcher. , the watcher queue task will only be executed when the current task is idle, which has a delay time, so after placing it in the nextTick function, the latest value of the el can be obtained. It is also possible if we change the nextTick above to setTimeout.

3. Detailed explanation of Vue source code nextTick (the source code is in vue/src/core/util/env.js)

Before understanding the nextTick source code, let’s understand it first The following is the new MutationObserver API in HTML5. Its function is to monitor DOM changes. It can monitor the deletion of child nodes, attribute modifications, text content modifications, etc. of a DOM object.

nextTick source code is as follows: 


export const nextTick = (function () {
 const callbacks = []
 let pending = false
 let timerFunc

 function nextTickHandler () {
 pending = false;
 /*
  之所以要slice复制一份出来是因为有的cb执行过程中又会往callbacks中加入内容，比如$nextTick的回调函数里又有$nextTick，
  那么这些应该放入到下一个轮次的nextTick去执行，所以拷贝一份，遍历完成即可，防止一直循环下去。
  */
 const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
 callbacks.length = 0
 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
  copies[i]()
 }
 }

 // the nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
 // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
 // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
 // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
 // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
 // Promise is available, we will use it:
 /* istanbul ignore if */
 /*
 nextTick行为利用了microtask队列, 先使用 Promise.resolve().then(nextTickHandler)来将异步回调
 放入到microtask中，Promise 和 MutationObserver都可以使用，但是 MutationObserver 在IOS9.3以上的
 WebView中有bug，因此如果满足第一项的话就可以执行，如果没有原生Promise就用 MutationObserver。
 */
 if (typeof Promise !== &#39;undefined&#39; && isNative(Promise)) {
 var p = Promise.resolve()
 var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
 timerFunc = () => {
  p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError)
  // in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn&#39;t completely break, but
  // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
  // microtask queue but the queue isn&#39;t being flushed, until the browser
  // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
  // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
  if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
 }
 } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== &#39;undefined&#39; && (
 isNative(MutationObserver) ||
 // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
 MutationObserver.toString() === &#39;[object MutationObserverConstructor]&#39;
 )) {
 // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
 // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4
 /*
  创建一个MutationObserver，observe监听到DOM改动之后执行的回调 nextTickHandler 
  */
 var counter = 1
 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
 var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter));
 // 使用MutationObserver的接口，监听文本节点的字符内容
 observer.observe(textNode, {
  characterData: true
 });
 /*
  每次执行timerFunc函数都会让文本节点的内容在0/1之间切换，切换之后将新赋值到那个我们MutationObserver监听的文本节点上去。
  */
 timerFunc = () => {
  counter = (counter + 1) % 2
  textNode.data = String(counter)
 }
 } else {
 // fallback to setTimeout
 /*
  如果上面的两种都不支持的话，我们就使用setTimeout来执行
  */
 timerFunc = () => {
  setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
 }
 }

 return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
 let _resolve
 callbacks.push(() => {
  if (cb) {
  try {
   cb.call(ctx)
  } catch (e) {
   handleError(e, ctx, &#39;nextTick&#39;)
  }
  } else if (_resolve) {
  _resolve(ctx)
  }
 });
 /* 如果pending为true，表明本轮事件循环中已经执行过 timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0) */
 if (!pending) {
  pending = true
  timerFunc()
 }
 if (!cb && typeof Promise !== &#39;undefined&#39;) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  _resolve = resolve
  })
 }
 }
})()

Understanding of the overall idea: First, nextTick is a closure function, and the code is executed immediately, before understanding the overall code , let’s first look at a similar demo, the following code: 


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 <title>演示Vue</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <p id="app">
  
 </p>
 <script>
  var nextTick = (function(){
  return function queueNextTick(cb, ctx) {
   if (cb) {
   try {
    cb.call(ctx)
   } catch (e) {
    console.log(&#39;出错了&#39;);
   }
   }
  }
  })();

  // 方法调用
  nextTick(function(){
  console.log(2); // 打印2
  })
 </script>
 </body>
</html>

The demo code is very similar to the above code.

We can also extract and use nextTick to make demo code as follows: 


var nextTick2 = (function(){
 const callbacks = [];
 let pending = false;
 let timerFunc;

 function nextTickHandler () {
 pending = false
 const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
 callbacks.length = 0
 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
  copies[i]()
 }
 }
 if (typeof Promise !== &#39;undefined&#39;) {
 var p = Promise.resolve()
 var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
 timerFunc = () => {
  p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError)
 }
 } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== &#39;undefined&#39; ||
 // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
 MutationObserver.toString() === &#39;[object MutationObserverConstructor]&#39;
 ) {
 // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
 // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4
 var counter = 1
 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
 var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
 observer.observe(textNode, {
  characterData: true
 })
 timerFunc = () => {
  counter = (counter + 1) % 2
  textNode.data = String(counter)
 }
 } else {
 // fallback to setTimeout
 /* istanbul ignore next */
 timerFunc = () => {
  setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
 }
 }
 return function queueNextTick (cb, ctx) {
 let _resolve
 callbacks.push(() => {
  if (cb) {
  try {
   cb.call(ctx)
  } catch (e) {
   handleError(e, ctx, &#39;nextTick&#39;)
  }
  } else if (_resolve) {
  _resolve(ctx)
  }
 })
 if (!pending) {
  pending = true
  timerFunc()
 }
 if (!cb && typeof Promise !== &#39;undefined&#39;) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  _resolve = resolve
  })
 }
 }
})();
nextTick2(function(){
 console.log(2222);
});

The above code is extracted from the nextTick source code, for better I understand nextTick and made the above demo.

Let’s understand the meaning of the overall code;

First define the array callbacks = []; to store all callback functions that need to be executed, and define let pending = false ; Determine whether the timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0) function has been executed in this round of events. If it is true, it means that the timeFunc function has been executed. Then define the nextTickHandler function. The function of this function is to traverse the functions saved in the array callbacks in sequence and execute them in sequence;

Please see the source code as follows: 


function nextTickHandler () {
 pending = false
 const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
 callbacks.length = 0
 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
 copies[i]()
 }
}

Then there are three judgments, the code is as follows: 


if (typeof Promise !== &#39;undefined&#39; && isNative(Promise)) {
 var p = Promise.resolve();
 var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
 timerFunc = () => {
 p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError);
} else if (typeof MutationObserver !== &#39;undefined&#39; && (
 isNative(MutationObserver) ||
 // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
 MutationObserver.toString() === &#39;[object MutationObserverConstructor]&#39;
)){
 var counter = 1
 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
 var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
 observer.observe(textNode, {
 characterData: true
 })
 timerFunc = () => {
 counter = (counter + 1) % 2
 textNode.data = String(counter)
 }
} else {
 timerFunc = () => {
 setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
 }
}

First determine whether the Promise object is supported. If so, define the timeFunc() function to prepare for the next call. Then continue to determine whether the object MutationObserver is supported. If so, create a text node and monitor the node data. Whether it has changed. If so, call the timerFunc function and the counter value will switch between 0/1. If the value changes, assign the data value to the data attribute. Then if the data attribute changes, it will be re-rendered. page (because vue monitors whether the property value changes through Object.defineProperty), if the above two conditions are not satisfied, then directly use setTimeout to execute the nextTickHandler function;

Finally nextTick code Return a function, the code is as follows: 


return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
 let _resolve
 callbacks.push(() => {
 if (cb) {
  try {
  cb.call(ctx)
  } catch (e) {
  handleError(e, ctx, &#39;nextTick&#39;)
  }
 } else if (_resolve) {
  _resolve(ctx)
 }
 })
 if (!pending) {
 pending = true
 timerFunc()
 }
 if (!cb && typeof Promise !== &#39;undefined&#39;) {
 return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  _resolve = resolve
 })
 }
}

The meaning of the code is: whether the incoming cb is a function, whether the ctx parameter is an object, if cb is a function, Using cb.call(ctx), if timerFunc has not been executed, then pending is false, so the timerFunc() function is executed. The basic idea is this.

Related recommendations:

A brief analysis of the implementation method of Vue.nextTick

process in Node.js .nextTick usage example

Difference analysis of timer nextTick() and setImmediate() in node.js_node.js

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