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Detailed explanation of webpack+express multi-page site development examples

小云云

Dec 23, 2017 pm 03:11 PM

webDevelopment example

After studying the webpack entry-level tutorial, I feel that it may be tailor-made for single-page applications, such as webpack+react, webpack+vue, etc., which can solve the dependency loading and packaging problems of various resources. Even css is packaged in js and dynamically added to the dom document. This article mainly introduces the detailed explanation of webpack+express multi-page site development, I hope it can help everyone.

So if we want an ordinary web site with multiple pages, css is independent, and js loading requires modules?

Project address: webpackDemo_jb51.rar

Initialize the project and install dependencies

package.json

"devDependencies": {
  "css-loader": "^0.23.1",
  "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^1.0.1",
  "file-loader": "^0.8.5",
  "html-loader": "^0.4.3",
  "html-webpack-plugin": "^2.9.0",
  "jquery": "^1.12.0",
  "less": "^2.6.0",
  "less-loader": "^2.2.2",
  "sass-loader": "^4.0.2",
  "style-loader": "^0.13.0",
  "url-loader": "^0.5.7",
  "webpack": "^1.12.13",
  "webpack-dev-server": "^1.14.1"
}

Directory structure (I use the express framework, others are based on personal needs)

- webpackDemo
  - src        #代码开发目录
    - css      #css目录，按照页面（模块）、通用、第三方三个级别进行组织
      + page
      + common
      + lib
    - js       #JS脚本，按照page、components进行组织
      + page
      + components
    + template      #HTML模板
  - node_modules    #所使用的nodejs模块
  - public            #express静态资源文件
    - dist            #webpack编译打包输出目录，无需建立目录可由webpack根据配置自动生成
      + css        
      + js
    + img      #图片资源
  + view            #express静态资源文件（webpack编译打包输出view目录）
  package.json      #项目配置
  webpack.config.js  #webpack配置

Development page

In src/js Create the index.js file in the /page directory and the index.html file in the src/view directory. The entry js corresponds to the template file name.

index.html The content is as follows:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>首页</title>
  <!--
    描述：head中无需再引入css以及facicon，webpack将根据入口JS文件的要求自动实现按需加载或者生成style标签
  -->
</head>
<body>
  <!--
    描述：body中同样无需单独引入JS文件，webpack会根据入口JS文件自动实现按需加载或者生成script标签，还可以生成对应的hash值
  -->
</body>
</html>

is such a simple HTML template. Do not introduce any CSS and JS. It can be automatically packaged through webpack. We introduce.

index.js content is as follows:

//引入css
require("../../css/lib/base.css");
require("../../css/page/index.scss");
$(&#39;body&#39;).append(&#39;<p class="text">index</p>&#39;);

page1.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>page1</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

page1. js:

//引入css
require("../../css/lib/base.css");
require("../../css/page/page1.less");
$(&#39;body&#39;).html(&#39;page1&#39;);

webpack configuration (I use the express framework, others are based on personal needs)

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
var webpack = require(&#39;webpack&#39;);
/*
extract-text-webpack-plugin插件，
有了它就可以将你的样式提取到单独的css文件里，
妈妈再也不用担心样式会被打包到js文件里了。
 */
var ExtractTextPlugin = require(&#39;extract-text-webpack-plugin&#39;);
/*
html-webpack-plugin插件，重中之重，webpack中生成HTML的插件，
具体可以去这里查看https://www.npmjs.com/package/html-webpack-plugin
 */
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require(&#39;html-webpack-plugin&#39;);

module.exports = {
  entry: { //配置入口文件，有几个写几个
    index: &#39;./src/js/page/index.js&#39;,
    page1: &#39;./src/js/page/page1.js&#39;
  },
  output: { 
    path: path.join(__dirname, &#39;./public/dist/&#39;), //输出目录的配置，模板、样式、脚本、图片等资源的路径配置都相对于它
    publicPath: &#39;/dist/&#39;,        //模板、样式、脚本、图片等资源对应的server上的路径
    filename: &#39;js/[name].js&#39;,      //每个页面对应的主js的生成配置
    chunkFilename: &#39;js/[id].chunk.js&#39;  //chunk生成的配置
  },
  module: {
    loaders: [ //加载器，关于各个加载器的参数配置，可自行搜索之。
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        //配置css的抽取器、加载器。&#39;-loader&#39;可以省去
        loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract(&#39;style-loader&#39;, &#39;css-loader&#39;) 
      }, {
        test: /\.less$/,
        //配置less的抽取器、加载器。中间!有必要解释一下，
        //根据从右到左的顺序依次调用less、css加载器，前一个的输出是后一个的输入
        //你也可以开发自己的loader哟。有关loader的写法可自行谷歌之。
        loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract(&#39;css!less&#39;)
      }, {
        test: /\.scss$/,
        //配置scss的抽取器、加载器。中间!有必要解释一下，
        //根据从右到左的顺序依次调用scss、css加载器，前一个的输出是后一个的输入
        //你也可以开发自己的loader哟。有关loader的写法可自行谷歌之。
        loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract(&#39;css!scss&#39;)
      }, {
        //html模板加载器，可以处理引用的静态资源，默认配置参数attrs=img:src，处理图片的src引用的资源
        //比如你配置，attrs=img:src img:src就可以一并处理src引用的资源了，就像下面这样
        test: /\.html$/,
        loader: "html?attrs=img:src img:src"
      }, {
        //文件加载器，处理文件静态资源
        test: /\.(woff|woff2|ttf|eot|svg)(\?v=[0-9]\.[0-9]\.[0-9])?$/,
        loader: &#39;file-loader?name=./fonts/[name].[ext]&#39;
      }, {
        //图片加载器，雷同file-loader，更适合图片，可以将较小的图片转成base64，减少http请求
        //如下配置，将小于8192byte的图片转成base64码
        test: /\.(png|jpg|gif)$/,
        loader: &#39;url-loader?limit=8192&name=./img/[hash].[ext]&#39;
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.ProvidePlugin({ //加载jq
      $: &#39;jquery&#39;
    }),
    new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
      name: &#39;commons&#39;, // 将公共模块提取，生成名为`commons`的chunk
      chunks: [&#39;index&#39;,&#39;page1&#39;], //提取哪些模块共有的部分
      minChunks: 2 // 提取至少2个模块共有的部分
    }),
    new ExtractTextPlugin(&#39;css/[name].css&#39;), //单独使用link标签加载css并设置路径，相对于output配置中的publickPath
    
    //HtmlWebpackPlugin，模板生成相关的配置，每个对于一个页面的配置，有几个写几个
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ //根据模板插入css/js等生成最终HTML
      favicon: &#39;./src/favicon.ico&#39;, //favicon路径，通过webpack引入同时可以生成hash值
      filename: &#39;../../views/index.html&#39;, //生成的html存放路径，相对于path
      template: &#39;./src/template/index.html&#39;, //html模板路径
      inject: &#39;body&#39;, //js插入的位置，true/&#39;head&#39;/&#39;body&#39;/false
      hash: true, //为静态资源生成hash值
      chunks: [&#39;commons&#39;, &#39;index&#39;],//需要引入的chunk，不配置就会引入所有页面的资源
      minify: { //压缩HTML文件  
        removeComments: true, //移除HTML中的注释
        collapseWhitespace: false //删除空白符与换行符
      }
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ //根据模板插入css/js等生成最终HTML
      favicon: &#39;./src/favicon.ico&#39;, //favicon路径，通过webpack引入同时可以生成hash值
      filename: &#39;../../views/page1.html&#39;, //生成的html存放路径，相对于path
      template: &#39;./src/template/page1.html&#39;, //html模板路径
      inject: true, //js插入的位置，true/&#39;head&#39;/&#39;body&#39;/false
      hash: true, //为静态资源生成hash值
      chunks: [&#39;commons&#39;, &#39;list&#39;],//需要引入的chunk，不配置就会引入所有页面的资源
      minify: { //压缩HTML文件  
        removeComments: true, //移除HTML中的注释
        collapseWhitespace: false //删除空白符与换行符
      }
    })

    // new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin() //热加载
  ],
  //使用webpack-dev-server，提高开发效率
  // devServer: {
  //   contentBase: &#39;./&#39;,
  //   host: &#39;localhost&#39;,
  //   port: 9090, //默认8080
  //   inline: true, //可以监控js变化
  //   hot: true, //热启动
  // }
};

Okay After completing the above configurations, execute the webpack packaging command to complete project packaging.

Hash: e6219853995506fd132a
Version: webpack 1.14.0
Time: 1338ms
        Asset    Size Chunks       Chunk Names
     js/index.js 457 bytes    0 [emitted] index
     js/page1.js 392 bytes    1 [emitted] page1
    js/commons.js   306 kB    2 [emitted] commons
    css/index.css  62 bytes    0 [emitted] index
    css/page1.css  62 bytes    1 [emitted] page1
   css/commons.css 803 bytes    2 [emitted] commons
     favicon.ico  1.15 kB     [emitted]
../../view/index.html 496 bytes     [emitted]
../../view/page1.html 499 bytes     [emitted]
  [0] ./src/js/page/index.js 170 bytes {0} [built]
  [0] ./src/js/page/page1.js 106 bytes {1} [built]
  + 7 hidden modules
Child html-webpack-plugin for "../../view/page1.html":
    + 1 hidden modules
Child html-webpack-plugin for "../../view/index.html":
    + 1 hidden modules
Child extract-text-webpack-plugin:
    + 2 hidden modules
Child extract-text-webpack-plugin:
    + 2 hidden modules
Child extract-text-webpack-plugin:
    + 2 hidden modules

At this point, go to the views directory to view the generated index.html file, as follows:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>首页</title>  
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/dist/favicon.ico" rel="external nofollow" ><link href="/dist/css/commons.css?e6219853995506fd132a" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet"><link href="/dist/css/index.css?e6219853995506fd132a" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet"></head>
<body>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/dist/js/commons.js?e6219853995506fd132a"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/dist/js/index.js?e6219853995506fd132a"></script></body>
</html>

You can see that in addition to retaining the content in the original template, the generated file also automatically adds the CSS and JS files that need to be introduced, as well as the favicon according to the definition of the entry file index.js, and also adds the corresponding hash value.

Two questions

How does webpack automatically discover the entry file and configure the corresponding template
How to deal with styles and scripts automatically introducing problems directly

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
var webpack = require(&#39;webpack&#39;);
var glob = require(&#39;glob&#39;);
/*
extract-text-webpack-plugin插件，
有了它就可以将你的样式提取到单独的css文件里，
妈妈再也不用担心样式会被打包到js文件里了。
 */
var ExtractTextPlugin = require(&#39;extract-text-webpack-plugin&#39;);
/*
html-webpack-plugin插件，重中之重，webpack中生成HTML的插件，
具体可以去这里查看https://www.npmjs.com/package/html-webpack-plugin
 */
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require(&#39;html-webpack-plugin&#39;);
/**
 *将公共模块提取，生成名为`commons`的chunk
 */
var CommonsChunkPlugin = webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin;
//压缩
var UglifyJsPlugin = webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin;

//判断开发模式
var debug = process.env.NODE_ENV !== &#39;production&#39;;
var getEntry = function(globPath, pathDir) {
  var files = glob.sync(globPath);
  var entries = {},
    entry, dirname, basename, pathname, extname;
  for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
    entry = files[i];
    dirname = path.dirname(entry);  //文件目录
    extname = path.extname(entry);  //后缀名
    basename = path.basename(entry, extname); //文件名
    pathname = path.join(dirname, basename);
    pathname = pathDir ? pathname.replace(new RegExp(&#39;^&#39; + pathDir), &#39;&#39;) : pathname;
    entries[pathname] = [&#39;./&#39; + entry]; //这是在osx系统下这样写 win7 entries[basename]
  }
  console.log(entries);
  return entries;
}

//入口(通过getEntry方法得到所有的页面入口文件)
var entries = getEntry(&#39;src/js/page/**/*.js&#39;, &#39;src/js/page/&#39;);
//提取哪些模块共有的部分从entries里面获得文件名称
var chunks = Object.keys(entries);
//模板页面(通过getEntry方法得到所有的模板页面)
var pages = Object.keys(getEntry(&#39;src/template/**/*.html&#39;, &#39;src/template/&#39;));

console.log(pages)

var config = {
  entry: entries,
  output: {
    path: path.join(__dirname, &#39;./public/dist/&#39;),//输出目录的配置，模板、样式、脚本、图片等资源的路径配置都相对于它
    publicPath: &#39;/dist/&#39;,        //模板、样式、脚本、图片等资源对应的server上的路径
    filename: &#39;js/[name].js&#39;,      //每个页面对应的主js的生成配置
    chunkFilename: &#39;js/[id].chunk.js?[chunkhash]&#39;  //chunk生成的配置
  },
  module: {
    loaders: [ //加载器
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract(&#39;style&#39;, &#39;css&#39;)
      }, {
        test: /\.less$/,
        loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract(&#39;css!less&#39;)
      }, {
        test: /\.html$/,
        loader: "html?-minimize"  //避免压缩html,https://github.com/webpack/html-loader/issues/50
      }, {
        test: /\.(woff|woff2|ttf|eot|svg)(\?v=[0-9]\.[0-9]\.[0-9])?$/,
        loader: &#39;file-loader?name=fonts/[name].[ext]&#39;
      }, {
        test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif)$/,
        loader: &#39;url-loader?limit=8192&name=imgs/[name]-[hash].[ext]&#39;
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.ProvidePlugin({ //加载jq
      $: &#39;jquery&#39;
    }),
    new CommonsChunkPlugin({
      name: &#39;commons&#39;, // 将公共模块提取，生成名为`commons`的chunk
      chunks: chunks,
      minChunks: chunks.length // 提取所有entry共同依赖的模块
    }),
    new ExtractTextPlugin(&#39;css/[name].css&#39;), //单独使用link标签加载css并设置路径，相对于output配置中的publickPath
    debug ? function() {} : new UglifyJsPlugin({ //压缩代码
      compress: {
        warnings: false
      },
      except: [&#39;$super&#39;, &#39;$&#39;, &#39;exports&#39;, &#39;require&#39;] //排除关键字
    }),
  ]
};

pages.forEach(function(pathname) {
  var conf = {
    filename: &#39;../../views/&#39; + pathname + &#39;.html&#39;, //生成的html存放路径，相对于path
    template: &#39;src/template/&#39; + pathname + &#39;.html&#39;, //html模板路径
    inject: false, //js插入的位置，true/&#39;head&#39;/&#39;body&#39;/false
    /*
    * 压缩这块，调用了html-minify，会导致压缩时候的很多html语法检查问题，
    * 如在html标签属性上使用{{...}}表达式，所以很多情况下并不需要在此配置压缩项，
    * 另外，UglifyJsPlugin会在压缩代码的时候连同html一起压缩。
    * 为避免压缩html，需要在html-loader上配置&#39;html?-minimize&#39;，见loaders中html-loader的配置。
     */
    // minify: { //压缩HTML文件
    // removeComments: true, //移除HTML中的注释
    // collapseWhitespace: false //删除空白符与换行符
    // }
  };
  if (pathname in config.entry) {
    favicon: &#39;./src/favicon.ico&#39;, //favicon路径，通过webpack引入同时可以生成hash值
    conf.inject = &#39;body&#39;;
    conf.chunks = [&#39;commons&#39;, pathname];
    conf.hash = true;
  }
  config.plugins.push(new HtmlWebpackPlugin(conf));
});
module.exports = config;

The following code is similar to the above. The essential difference is that the code is passed through a method. Put all related files into one object and complete the effect of automatic introduction!

The above are all configurations in mac osx system, the win7 path may be different

glob: The parsed here is different:

But the final requirement is

entries:
 {
 index: [ &#39;./src/template/index.js&#39; ],
 page1: [ &#39;./src/template/page1.js&#39; ]
 }

pages:
 [ &#39;index&#39;, &#39;page1&#39; ]

It should be changed accordingly according to the configuration of the personal computer.

Related recommendations:

Front-end engineering development based on webpack - multi-page site (2)_html/css_WEB-ITnose

A brief introduction to getting started with Node.js and Express (pictures and text)

webpack learning tutorial front-end performance optimization summary

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