The most complete axios guide

axios is an HTTP client based on Promise for browsers and nodejs. This article will share with you the most complete axios strategy. With the announcement by You Yuxi, the author of vuejs, vue-resource will no longer be maintained and recommended. Everyone started using axios, and axios was understood by more and more people. I originally wanted to find a detailed guide on the Internet, but suddenly I found that the official documentation of axios itself is very detailed! Therefore, it is recommended that everyone learn this kind of library, and it is best to read its official documentation in detail. I roughly translated the official documentation of axios. I believe that as long as you understand this article thoroughly and practice it, axios will be a piece of cake! !

axios Introduction

axios is a Promise-based HTTP client for browsers and nodejs. It has the following characteristics:

---

• Create XMLHttpRequest from the browser

• Issue an http request from node.js

• Support Promise API

• Interception of requests and responses

• Convert request and response data

• Cancel request

• Automatically convert JSON data

• Client support to prevent CSRF/XSRF

Browser compatibility

Introduction method:

$ npm install axios
$ cnpm install axios //taobao源
$ bower install axios
或者使用cdn：
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

---

For example:

Perform GET request

// 向具有指定ID的用户发出请求
axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
.then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});
 
// 也可以通过 params 对象传递参数
axios.get('/user', {
params: {
ID: 12345
}
})
.then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});

Perform POST request

axios.post('/user', {
firstName: 'Fred',
lastName: 'Flintstone'
})
.then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});

function getUserAccount() {
return axios.get('/user/12345');
}
 
function getUserPermissions() {
return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}
 
axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
.then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) {
//两个请求现已完成
}));

Perform multiple concurrent requests

axios API

---

Requests can be made by passing relevant configuration to axios.

axios(config)

// 发送一个 POST 请求
axios({
method: 'post',
url: '/user/12345',
data: {
firstName: 'Fred',
lastName: 'Flintstone'
}
});

// 发送一个 GET 请求 (GET请求是默认请求模式)
axios('/user/12345');

axios(url[, config])

Request method alias

For convenience, all Aliases are provided for supported request methods.

• axios.request(config)

• axios.get(url[,config])

• axios.delete(url[,config])

• axios.head(url[,config])

• ##axios.post( url[,data[,config]])

##axios.put(url[,data[,config]])
axios. patch(url[,data[,config]])
Note

When using the alias method, there is no need to specify the url, method and data attributes in the config.

Concurrency

Helper function handles concurrent requests.

axios.all(iterable)
axios.spread(callback)
Create instance

You can create a new instance of axios with custom configuration.

axios.create([config])

var instance = axios.create({
baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
timeout: 1000,
headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
});

The available instance methods are as follows. The specified configuration will be merged with the instance configuration.

Instance methods
axios #request(config)

axios #get(url[,config])

axios #delete(url[,config])
axios #head(url[,config])
axios #post(url[,data[,config]])
axios#put(url[,data[,config]])
axios#patch( url[,data[,config]])

Request Configuration

These are the available configuration options for making requests. Only the url is required. If no method is specified, the request will default to GET.

---

{
// `url`是将用于请求的服务器URL
url: '/user',
 
// `method`是发出请求时使用的请求方法
method: 'get', // 默认
 
// `baseURL`将被添加到`url`前面，除非`url`是绝对的。
// 可以方便地为 axios 的实例设置`baseURL`，以便将相对 URL 传递给该实例的方法。
baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
 
// `transformRequest`允许在请求数据发送到服务器之前对其进行更改
// 这只适用于请求方法'PUT'，'POST'和'PATCH'
// 数组中的最后一个函数必须返回一个字符串，一个 ArrayBuffer或一个 Stream
 
transformRequest: [function (data) {
// 做任何你想要的数据转换
 
return data;
}],
 
// `transformResponse`允许在 then / catch之前对响应数据进行更改
transformResponse: [function (data) {
// Do whatever you want to transform the data
 
return data;
}],
 
// `headers`是要发送的自定义 headers
headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
 
// `params`是要与请求一起发送的URL参数
// 必须是纯对象或URLSearchParams对象
params: {
ID: 12345
},
 
// `paramsSerializer`是一个可选的函数，负责序列化`params`
// (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
paramsSerializer: function(params) {
return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
},
 
// `data`是要作为请求主体发送的数据
// 仅适用于请求方法“PUT”，“POST”和“PATCH”
// 当没有设置`transformRequest`时，必须是以下类型之一：
// - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
// - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
// - Node only: Stream
data: {
firstName: 'Fred'
},
 
// `timeout`指定请求超时之前的毫秒数。
// 如果请求的时间超过'timeout'，请求将被中止。
timeout: 1000,
 
// `withCredentials`指示是否跨站点访问控制请求
// should be made using credentials
withCredentials: false, // default
 
// `adapter'允许自定义处理请求，这使得测试更容易。
// 返回一个promise并提供一个有效的响应（参见[response docs]（＃response-api））
adapter: function (config) {
/* ... */
},
 
// `auth'表示应该使用 HTTP 基本认证，并提供凭据。
// 这将设置一个`Authorization'头，覆盖任何现有的`Authorization'自定义头，使用`headers`设置。
auth: {
username: 'janedoe',
password: 's00pers3cret'
},
 
// “responseType”表示服务器将响应的数据类型
// 包括 'arraybuffer', 'blob', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
responseType: 'json', // default
 
//`xsrfCookieName`是要用作 xsrf 令牌的值的cookie的名称
xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default
 
// `xsrfHeaderName`是携带xsrf令牌值的http头的名称
xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
 
// `onUploadProgress`允许处理上传的进度事件
onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
// 使用本地 progress 事件做任何你想要做的
},
 
// `onDownloadProgress`允许处理下载的进度事件
onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
// Do whatever you want with the native progress event
},
 
// `maxContentLength`定义允许的http响应内容的最大大小
maxContentLength: 2000,
 
// `validateStatus`定义是否解析或拒绝给定的promise
// HTTP响应状态码。如果`validateStatus`返回`true`（或被设置为`null` promise将被解析;否则，promise将被
  // 拒绝。
validateStatus: function (status) {
return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
},
 
// `maxRedirects`定义在node.js中要遵循的重定向的最大数量。
// 如果设置为0，则不会遵循重定向。
maxRedirects: 5, // 默认
 
// `httpAgent`和`httpsAgent`用于定义在node.js中分别执行http和https请求时使用的自定义代理。
// 允许配置类似`keepAlive`的选项，
// 默认情况下不启用。
httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
 
// &#39;proxy&#39;定义代理服务器的主机名和端口
// `auth`表示HTTP Basic auth应该用于连接到代理，并提供credentials。
// 这将设置一个`Proxy-Authorization` header，覆盖任何使用`headers`设置的现有的`Proxy-Authorization` 自定义 headers。
proxy: {
host: &#39;127.0.0.1&#39;,
port: 9000,
auth: : {
username: &#39;mikeymike&#39;,
password: &#39;rapunz3l&#39;
}
},
 
// “cancelToken”指定可用于取消请求的取消令牌
// (see Cancellation section below for details)
cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
})
}

axios.get('/user/12345')
.then(function(response) {
console.log(response.data);
console.log(response.status);
console.log(response.statusText);
console.log(response.headers);
console.log(response.config);
});

Configuration Defaults When using then, you will receive a response like this:

You can specify configuration defaults that will be applied to each request.

---

Global axios default value

axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

//在创建实例时设置配置默认值
var instance = axios.create（{
   baseURL：'https://api.example.com'
}）;
 
//在实例创建后改变默认值
instance.defaults.headers.common ['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

Custom instance default value

Configuration priority order

Configuration will be merged with the priority order. The order is the library defaults in lib/defaults.js, then the instance's defaults attribute, and finally the request's config parameters. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.

//使用库提供的配置默认值创建实例
//此时，超时配置值为`0`，这是库的默认值
var instance = axios.create（）;
 
//覆盖库的超时默认值
//现在所有请求将在超时前等待2.5秒
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
 
//覆盖此请求的超时，因为它知道需要很长时间
instance.get（'/ longRequest'，{
   timeout：5000
}）;

Interceptor

---

You can intercept the request or response before it is processed by then or catch

//添加请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use（function（config）{
     //在发送请求之前做某事
     return config;
   }，function（error）{
     //请求错误时做些事
     return Promise.reject（error）;
   }）;
 
//添加响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use（function（response）{
     //对响应数据做些事
     return response;
   }，function（error）{
     //请求错误时做些事
     return Promise.reject（error）;
   }）;

var myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);

You can add the interceptor to axios Custom instance. If you may need to remove the interceptor later.

var instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});

Handling Errors

---

axios.get（'/ user / 12345'）
   .catch（function（error）{
     if（error.response）{
       //请求已发出，但服务器使用状态代码进行响应
       //落在2xx的范围之外
       console.log（error.response.data）;
       console.log（error.response.status）;
       console.log（error.response.headers）;
     } else {
       //在设置触发错误的请求时发生了错误
       console.log（'Error'，error.message）;
     }}
     console.log（error.config）;
   }）;

axios.get（'/ user / 12345'，{
   validateStatus：function（status）{
     return status < 500; //仅当状态代码大于或等于500时拒绝
   }}
}）

Eliminate You can define a custom HTTP status code error range using the validateStatus configuration option.

You can cancel the request using a cancellation token.

---

axios cancel token API is based on cancelable promise proposals and is currently in phase 1.

You can create a cancellation token using the CancelToken.source factory like this:

var CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
var source = CancelToken.source（）;
 
axios.get('/user/12345', {
cancelToken: source.token
}).catch(function(thrown) {
if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
} else {
// 处理错误
}
});
 
//取消请求（消息参数是可选的）
source.cancel（'操作被用户取消。'）;

var CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
var cancel;
 
axios.get（'/ user / 12345'，{
   cancelToken：new CancelToken（function executor（c）{
     //一个执行器函数接收一个取消函数作为参数
     cancel = c;
   }）
}）;
 
// 取消请求
clear();

NOTE: You can cancel using the same cancellation token A few requests. You can also create a cancellation token by passing the executor function to the CancelToken constructor:
Use application/x-www-form-urlencoded format

Default Below, axios serializes JavaScript objects to JSON. To send data in application/x-www-form-urlencoded format you can use one of the following options.

---

浏览器

在浏览器中，您可以使用URLSearchParams API，如下所示：

var params = new URLSearchParams();
params.append('param1', 'value1');
params.append('param2', 'value2');
axios.post('/foo', params);

或者，您可以使用qs库对数据进行编码：请注意，所有浏览器都不支持URLSearchParams，但是有一个polyfill可用（确保polyfill全局环境）。

var qs = require('qs');
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 });

在node.js中，可以使用querystring模块，如下所示：Node.js

var querystring = require('querystring');
axios.post('http://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' });

Promise你也可以使用qs库。

---

axios 依赖本机要支持ES6 Promise实现。 如果您的环境不支持ES6 Promises，您可以使用polyfill。

TypeScript

---

axios包括TypeScript定义。

import axios from 'axios';
axios.get('/user?ID=12345');

axios在很大程度上受到Angular提供的$http服务的启发。 最终，axios努力提供一个在Angular外使用的独立的$http-like服务。

学完本文相信大家对axios更加深入了解了吧，赶紧收藏起来吧。

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