Detailed example of implementing list method in Python3

Python3 list sequence is the most basic data structure in Python. The following article mainly introduces you to the relevant information about the list method of Python3 study notes. The article introduces it in great detail through example code, which is very useful for your study or work. It has certain reference and learning value, and friends in need can refer to it.

Preface

This article mainly introduces to you the relevant content about the Python3 list method, and shares it for your reference and study. There is not much to say below. Having said that, let’s take a look at the detailed introduction.

1 Use [] or list() to create a list

##

user = []
user = list()

2 Use list() to convert other types into lists

# 将字符串转成列表
>>> list('abcde')
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

# 将元祖转成列表
>>> list(('a','b','c'))
['a', 'b', 'c']

3 Use [offset ]Get elements or modify elements

>>> users = ['a','b','c','d','e']
# 可以使用整数来获取某个元素
>>> users[0]
'a'
# 可以使用负整数来表示从尾部获取某个元素
>>> users[-1]
'e'

# 数组越界会报错
>>> users[100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range
>>> users[-100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range

# 修改某个元素
>>> users[0] = &#39;wdd&#39;
>>> users
[&#39;wdd&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;, &#39;d&#39;, &#39;e&#39;]
>>>

4 List slicing and extracting elements

After slicing or extracting the list, it is still a list

The form is:

list[start:end:step]

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
# 正常截取 注意这里并不会截取到users[2]
>>> users[0:2]
['wdd', 'b']
# 也可从尾部截取
>>> users[0:-2]
['wdd', 'b', 'c']
# 这样可以获取所有的元素
>>> users[:]
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
# 也可以加上步长参数
>>> users[0:4:2]
['wdd', 'c']
# 也可以通过这种方式去将列表取反
>>> users[::-1]
['e', 'd', 'c', 'b', 'wdd']

# 注意切片时，偏移量可以越界，越界之后不会报错，仍然按照界限来处理 例如开始偏移量如果小于0，那么仍然会按照0去计算。
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>> users[-100:3]
['wdd', 'b', 'c']
>>> users[-100:100]
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>>

5 Use append() to add elements to the end

The form is like:

list.append( item)

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>> users.append('ddw')
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw']

6 Use extend() or += to merge lists

Form such as:

list1.extend(list2)

These two methods will directly modify the original list

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw']
>>> names
['heihei', 'haha']
>>> users.extend(names)
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha']
>>> users += names
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', 'haha']

7 Use insert() to insert an element at the specified position

Form:

list.insert(offset, item)

Insert does not have the problem of crossing the boundary. The offset can be positive or negative. After crossing the boundary, it will automatically scale to within the boundary and no error will be reported.

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', 'haha']
>>> users.insert(0,'xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', 'haha']
>>> users.insert(-1,'-xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 下面-100肯定越界了
>>> users.insert(-100,'-xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 下面100也是越界了
>>> users.insert(100,'-xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']

8 Use del to delete an element

The form is:

del list[offset]

del is a python statement, not a list method. When del deletes non-existent elements, it will also prompt out of bounds

>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
>>> del users[0]
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
>>> del users[100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list assignment index out of range
>>> del users[-100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list assignment index out of range

9 Use remove to delete elements with specified values ​​

Form:

list.remove(value)

>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
# 删除指定值'c'
>>> users.remove('c')
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
# 删除不存在的值会报错
>>> users.remove('alsdkfjalsdf')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
# 如果该值存在多个，那么只能删除到第一个
>>> users.remove(&#39;haha&#39;)
>>> users
[&#39;xiaoxiao&#39;, &#39;wdd&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;d&#39;, &#39;e&#39;, &#39;ddw&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;-xiaoxiao&#39;, &#39;haha&#39;, &#39;-xiaoxiao&#39;]

10 Use the pop() method to return an element and delete it in the array

The form is:

list.pop(offset=-1) The offset defaults to -1, which means deleting the last element

>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
# 删除最后的元素
>>> users.pop()
'-xiaoxiao'
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 如果列表本身就是空的，那么pop时会报错
>>> user.pop(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: pop from empty list
>>> users.pop(0)
&#39;xiaoxiao&#39;
>>> users
[&#39;wdd&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;d&#39;, &#39;e&#39;, &#39;ddw&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;-xiaoxiao&#39;, &#39;haha&#39;]
# 越界时也会报错
>>> users.pop(100)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: pop index out of range

11 Use index() to query the position of elements with specific values

The form is:

list.index(value)

# index只会返回第一遇到该值得位置
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> users.index('heihei')
5

# 如果该值不存在，也会报错
>>> users.index('laksdf')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: &#39;laksdf&#39; is not in list

12 Use in to determine whether the value exists in the list

Form:

value in list

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> 'wdd' in users
True

13 Use count() to record the number of times a specific value appears

The format is as follows:

list.count(value)

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> users.count('heihei')
2
>>> users.count('h')
0

14 Use join() to convert the list to a string

The form is:

string.join(list)

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> ','.join(users)
'wdd,b,d,e,ddw,heihei,heihei,-xiaoxiao,haha'
>>> user
[]
>>> ','.join(user)
''

15 Use sort( )Rearrange the list elements

in the form:

list.sort()

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 默认是升序排序
>>> users.sort()
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
# 加入reverse=True, 可以降序排序
>>> users.sort(reverse=True)
>>> users
['wdd', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'haha', 'e', 'ddw', 'd', 'b', '-xiaoxiao']

# 通过匿名函数，传入函数进行自定义排序
>>> students
[{'name': 'wdd', 'age': 343}, {'name': 'ddw', 'age': 43}, {'name': 'jik', 'age': 90}]
>>> students.sort(key=lambda item: item['age'])
>>> students
[{'name': 'ddw', 'age': 43}, {'name': 'jik', 'age': 90}, {'name': 'wdd', 'age': 343}]
>>> students.sort(key=lambda item: item['age'], reverse=True)
>>> students
[{'name': 'wdd', 'age': 343}, {'name': 'jik', 'age': 90}, {'name': 'ddw', 'age': 43}]
>>>

16 Use reverse() to flip the list

Form:

list.reverse()

>>> users
['wdd', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'haha', 'e', 'ddw', 'd', 'b', '-xiaoxiao']
>>> users.reverse()
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']

17 Use copy() to copy the list

Form:

list2 = list1.copy()

list2 = list1 This is not a copy of the list, it just gives the list an alias. In fact, it still points to the same value.

>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>> users2 = users.copy()
>>> users2
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>>

18 Use clear() to clear the list

The format is as follows:

list.clear()

>>> users2
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>> users2.clear()
>>> users2
[]

19 Use len() to get the length of the list

The form is like:

len(list)

>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>> len(users)
9

20 In-depth thoughts on list transgression

After writing these methods, I have some questions. Why do some operations prompt out of bounds while others do not?

It will prompt that the offset out-of-bounds operations include

• list[offset] Reading or modifying an element

• del list[offset] Delete the element at the specified position

• list.remove(value) Remove the element with the specified value

• ##list.pop(offset) Delete the element at the specified position

If the offset is out of bounds, these methods will report an error. My personal understanding is:

If I want to read the element with offset 10, but the element does not exist, if the system automatically reads the last element of the list for you, and If you don't report an error, this is an intolerable bug. If I want to delete the 10th element, but the 10th element does not exist, and the system deletes the last element of the list for you, I think this is intolerable.

So when using these methods, be sure to confirm whether the element at the offset exists, otherwise an error may be reported.

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