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HomeJavajavaTutorialDetailed explanation of the steps to send email in Java

Detailed explanation of the steps to send email in Java

Sep 23, 2017 am 10:19 AM
emailjavaDetailed explanation

The following editor will bring you an article on the general steps for sending emails in Java (explanation with examples). The editor thinks it is quite good, so I will share it with you now and give it as a reference for everyone. Let’s follow the editor and take a look.

General steps for sending email in java

##1. Introduce the jar package of javamail:

2. Create a test class to write the content of the email to be sent to the local computer to see if the content can be written:


public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
  // 1. 创建一封邮件 
  Properties props = new Properties();        // 用于连接邮件服务器的参数配置(发送邮件时才需要用到) 
  Session session= Session.getDefaultInstance(props); // 根据参数配置,创建会话对象(为了发送邮件准备的) 
  MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);   // 创建邮件对象 
 
  /* 
   * 也可以根据已有的eml邮件文件创建 MimeMessage 对象 
   * MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session, new FileInputStream("MyEmail.eml")); 
   */
 
  // 2. From: 发件人 
  //  其中 InternetAddress 的三个参数分别为: 邮箱, 显示的昵称(只用于显示, 没有特别的要求), 昵称的字符集编码 
  //  真正要发送时, 邮箱必须是真实有效的邮箱。 
  message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("123456@qq.com", "USER_AA", "UTF-8")); 
 
  // 3. To: 收件人 
  message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("123654@qq.com", "USER_CC", "UTF-8")); 
  //  To: 增加收件人(可选) 
  //message.addRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("dd@receive.com", "USER_DD", "UTF-8")); 
  //  Cc: 抄送(可选) 
  //message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.CC, new InternetAddress("ee@receive.com", "USER_EE", "UTF-8")); 
  //  Bcc: 密送(可选) 
  //message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.BCC, new InternetAddress("ff@receive.com", "USER_FF", "UTF-8")); 
 
  // 4. Subject: 邮件主题 
  message.setSubject("TEST邮件主题", "UTF-8"); 
 
  // 5. Content: 邮件正文(可以使用html标签) 
  message.setContent("TEST这是邮件正文。。。", "text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
 
  // 6. 设置显示的发件时间 
  message.setSentDate(new Date()); 
 
  // 7. 保存前面的设置 
  message.saveChanges(); 
 
  // 8. 将该邮件保存到本地 
  OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("D://MyEmail.eml"); 
  message.writeTo(out); 
  out.flush(); 
  out.close(); 
}

3. Create a class for sending emails: send emails from one email account to another email account


// 发件人的 邮箱 和 密码(替换为自己的邮箱和密码) 
  // PS: 某些邮箱服务器为了增加邮箱本身密码的安全性,给 SMTP 客户端设置了独立密码(有的邮箱称为“授权码”), 
  //   对于开启了独立密码的邮箱, 这里的邮箱密码必需使用这个独立密码(授权码)。 
  public static String myEmailAccount = "123456@qq.com"; 
  public static String myEmailPassword = "abcdefg"; 
 
  // 发件人邮箱的 SMTP 服务器地址, 必须准确, 不同邮件服务器地址不同, 一般(只是一般, 绝非绝对)格式为: smtp.xxx.com 
  // 网易163邮箱的 SMTP 服务器地址为: smtp.163.com 
  public static String myEmailSMTPHost = "smtp.qq.com"; 
 
  // 收件人邮箱(替换为自己知道的有效邮箱) 
  public static String receiveMailAccount = "123654@qq.com"; 
 
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
    // 1. 创建参数配置, 用于连接邮件服务器的参数配置 
    Properties props = new Properties();          // 参数配置 
    props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");  // 使用的协议(JavaMail规范要求) 
    props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", myEmailSMTPHost);  // 发件人的邮箱的 SMTP 服务器地址 
    props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");      // 需要请求认证 
 
    // PS: 某些邮箱服务器要求 SMTP 连接需要使用 SSL 安全认证 (为了提高安全性, 邮箱支持SSL连接, 也可以自己开启), 
    //   如果无法连接邮件服务器, 仔细查看控制台打印的 log, 如果有有类似 “连接失败, 要求 SSL 安全连接” 等错误, 
    //   打开下面 /* ... */ 之间的注释代码, 开启 SSL 安全连接。 
    /* 
    // SMTP 服务器的端口 (非 SSL 连接的端口一般默认为 25, 可以不添加, 如果开启了 SSL 连接, 
    //         需要改为对应邮箱的 SMTP 服务器的端口, 具体可查看对应邮箱服务的帮助, 
    //         QQ邮箱的SMTP(SLL)端口为465或587, 其他邮箱自行去查看) 
    final String smtpPort = "465"; 
    props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", smtpPort); 
    props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); 
    props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false"); 
    props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", smtpPort); 
    */
 
    // 2. 根据配置创建会话对象, 用于和邮件服务器交互 
    Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props); 
    session.setDebug(true);                 // 设置为debug模式, 可以查看详细的发送 log 
 
    // 3. 创建一封邮件 
    MimeMessage message = createMimeMessage(session, myEmailAccount, receiveMailAccount); 
 
    // 4. 根据 Session 获取邮件传输对象 
    Transport transport = session.getTransport(); 
 
    // 5. 使用 邮箱账号 和 密码 连接邮件服务器, 这里认证的邮箱必须与 message 中的发件人邮箱一致, 否则报错 
    // 
    //  PS_01: 成败的判断关键在此一句, 如果连接服务器失败, 都会在控制台输出相应失败原因的 log, 
    //      仔细查看失败原因, 有些邮箱服务器会返回错误码或查看错误类型的链接, 根据给出的错误 
    //      类型到对应邮件服务器的帮助网站上查看具体失败原因。 
    // 
    //  PS_02: 连接失败的原因通常为以下几点, 仔细检查代码: 
    //      (1) 邮箱没有开启 SMTP 服务; 
    //      (2) 邮箱密码错误, 例如某些邮箱开启了独立密码; 
    //      (3) 邮箱服务器要求必须要使用 SSL 安全连接; 
    //      (4) 请求过于频繁或其他原因, 被邮件服务器拒绝服务; 
    //      (5) 如果以上几点都确定无误, 到邮件服务器网站查找帮助。 
    // 
    //  PS_03: 仔细看log, 认真看log, 看懂log, 错误原因都在log已说明。 
    transport.connect(myEmailAccount, myEmailPassword); 
 
    // 6. 发送邮件, 发到所有的收件地址, message.getAllRecipients() 获取到的是在创建邮件对象时添加的所有收件人, 抄送人, 密送人 
    transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients()); 
 
    // 7. 关闭连接 
    transport.close(); 
  }

4. Define a method of creating a text content email:


public static MimeMessage createMimeMessage(Session session, String sendMail, String receiveMail) throws Exception { 
    // 1. 创建一封邮件 
    MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); 
 
    // 2. From: 发件人(昵称有广告嫌疑,避免被邮件服务器误认为是滥发广告以至返回失败,请修改昵称) 
    message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(sendMail, "sss", "UTF-8")); 
 
    // 3. To: 收件人(可以增加多个收件人、抄送、密送) 
    message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(receiveMail, "zzz", "UTF-8")); 
 
    // 4. Subject: 邮件主题(标题有广告嫌疑,避免被邮件服务器误认为是滥发广告以至返回失败,请修改标题) 
    message.setSubject("开会通知", "UTF-8"); 
 
    // 5. Content: 邮件正文(可以使用html标签)(内容有广告嫌疑,避免被邮件服务器误认为是滥发广告以至返回失败,请修改发送内容) 
    message.setContent("今天下午3点会议室开会。", "text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
 
    // 6. 设置发件时间 
    message.setSentDate(new Date()); 
 
    // 7. 保存设置 
    message.saveChanges(); 
 
    return message; 
  }

5. After personal experience It is completely possible to send emails. What you need to pay special attention to is:

#The email sender’s email address must have an SMTP client enabled. If the sender’s email address is not enabled, it is necessary to send the email. unsuccessful.

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