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There are many things to consider when processing dates and times, such as date format, time zone, leap year, and months with different days. It is too easy to make mistakes by yourself. The following article mainly introduces you to date and time processing in Laravel. Friends who need the simple use of Carbon can refer to it.
Preface
We all often need to deal with dates and times when writing PHP applications. This article will take you to learn about Carbon - inherited from An API extension to the PHP DateTime class that makes working with dates and times easier.
The default time processing class used in Laravel is Carbon.
<?php namespace Carbon; class Carbon extends \DateTime { // code here }
You can see the code snippet declared above in the Carbon class in the Carbon namespace.
Installation
Carbon can be installed through Composer:
composer require nesbot/carbon
PS: Since the Laravel project has installed this package by default, there is no need to execute the above command again.
Using
You need to import Carbon through the namespace to use it, without providing the full name every time.
use Carbon\Carbon;
Get the current time
You can get the current date and time with the now() method. If you don't specify an argument, it will use the time zone in the PHP configuration:
<?php echo Carbon::now(); //2016-10-14 20:21:20 ?>
If you want to use a different time zone, you need to pass a valid time zone as the argument:
// 直接使用字符串 echo Carbon::now('Europe/London'); //2016-10-14 20:21:20 // 或者 echo Carbon::now(new DateTimeZone('Europe/London'));
In addition to now()
, it also provides today()
, tomorrow()
, yesterday()
and other static functions, however, their times are all 00:00:00:
##
echo Carbon::now(); // 2016-10-14 15:18:34 echo Carbon::today(); // 2016-10-14 00:00:00 echo Carbon::tomorrow('Europe/London'); // 2016-10-14 00:00:00 echo Carbon::yesterday(); // 2016-10-14 00:00:00The above output result is actually a Carbon Type of date and time object:
Carbon {#179 ▼ +"date": "2016-06-14 00:00:00.000000" +"timezone_type": 3 +"timezone": "UTC" }To get the date of string type, you can use the following code:
echo Carbon::today()->toDateTimeString(); echo Carbon::yesterday()->toDateTimeString(); echo Carbon::tomorrow()->toDateTimeString();
Convert date type to string
echo Carbon::now()->toDateString(); //2016-10-14 echo Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-14 20:22:50
Date parsing
echo Carbon::parse('2016-10-15')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-15 00:00:00 echo Carbon::parse('2016-10-15')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-15 00:00:00 echo Carbon::parse('2016-10-15 00:10:25')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-15 00:10:25 echo Carbon::parse('today')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-15 00:00:00 echo Carbon::parse('yesterday')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-14 00:00:00 echo Carbon::parse('tomorrow')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-16 00:00:00 echo Carbon::parse('2 days ago')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-13 20:49:53 echo Carbon::parse('+3 days')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-18 20:49:53 echo Carbon::parse('+2 weeks')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-29 20:49:53 echo Carbon::parse('+4 months')->toDateTimeString(); //2017-02-15 20:49:53 echo Carbon::parse('-1 year')->toDateTimeString(); //2015-10-15 20:49:53 echo Carbon::parse('next wednesday')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-19 00:00:00 echo Carbon::parse('last friday')->toDateTimeString(); //2016-10-14 00:00:00
Constructing date
$year = '2015'; $month = '04'; $day = '12'; echo Carbon::createFromDate($year, $month, $day); //2015-04-12 20:55:59 $hour = '02'; $minute = '15': $second = '30'; echo Carbon::create($year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second); //2015-04-12 02:15:30 echo Carbon::createFromDate(null, 12, 25); // 年默认为当前年份Additionally, you can pass a valid time zone as the last parameter .
Date Operations
echo Carbon::now()->addDays(25); //2016-11-09 14:00:01 echo Carbon::now()->addWeeks(3); //2016-11-05 14:00:01 echo Carbon::now()->addHours(25); //2016-10-16 15:00:01 echo Carbon::now()->subHours(2); //2016-10-15 12:00:01 echo Carbon::now()->addHours(2)->addMinutes(12); //2016-10-15 16:12:01 echo Carbon::now()->modify('+15 days'); //2016-10-30 14:00:01 echo Carbon::now()->modify('-2 days'); //2016-10-13 14:00:01
Date comparison
echo Carbon::now()->tzName; // America/Toronto $first = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 23, 26, 11); $second = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 20, 26, 11, 'America/Vancouver'); echo $first->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-09-05 23:26:11 echo $first->tzName; // America/Toronto echo $second->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-09-05 20:26:11 echo $second->tzName; // America/Vancouver var_dump($first->eq($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->ne($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->gt($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->gte($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->lt($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->lte($second)); // bool(true) $first->setDateTime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); $second->setDateTime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); // Remember tz is 'America/Vancouver' var_dump($first->eq($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->ne($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->gt($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->gte($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->lt($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->lte($second)); // bool(true)To determine whether a date is between two dates, you can use the between() method. The third optional parameter specifies the comparison. Whether they can be equal, the default is true:
$first = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 1); $second = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5); var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 3)->between($first, $second)); // bool(true) var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5)->between($first, $second)); // bool(true) var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5)->between($first, $second, false)); // bool(false)In addition, some auxiliary methods are provided, you can understand their meaning from their names:
$dt = Carbon::now(); $dt->isWeekday(); $dt->isWeekend(); $dt->isYesterday(); $dt->isToday(); $dt->isTomorrow(); $dt->isFuture(); $dt->isPast(); $dt->isLeapYear(); $dt->isSameDay(Carbon::now()); $born = Carbon::createFromDate(1987, 4, 23); $noCake = Carbon::createFromDate(2014, 9, 26); $yesCake = Carbon::createFromDate(2014, 4, 23); $overTheHill = Carbon::now()->subYears(50); var_dump($born->isBirthday($noCake)); // bool(false) var_dump($born->isBirthday($yesCake)); // bool(true) var_dump($overTheHill->isBirthday()); // bool(true) -> default compare it to today!
diffForHumans
4、当比较的值在另一个值之后
1小时后
5月后
你可以把第二个参数设置为 true 来删除“前”、“距现在”等修饰语:diffForHumans(Carbon $other, true)
。
echo Carbon::now()->subDays(5)->diffForHumans(); // 5天前 echo Carbon::now()->diffForHumans(Carbon::now()->subYear()); // 1年后 $dt = Carbon::createFromDate(2011, 8, 1); echo $dt->diffForHumans($dt->copy()->addMonth()); // 1月前 echo $dt->diffForHumans($dt->copy()->subMonth()); // 11月后 echo Carbon::now()->addSeconds(5)->diffForHumans(); // 5秒距现在 echo Carbon::now()->subDays(24)->diffForHumans(); // 3周前 echo Carbon::now()->subDays(24)->diffForHumans(null, true); // 3周
本地化
可以在 app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php 的 boot()
方法中添加下面的代码来设置全局本地化:
public function boot() { \Carbon\Carbon::setLocale('zh'); }
设置好之后,在输出时间的地方调用:
$article->created_at->diffForHumans();
类似的格式即可。
更多 Carbon 操作,可查看文档。
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