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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialIntroduction to the time module of python module
Introduction to the time module of python moduleSep 15, 2017 am 10:45 AM
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time

Three forms of time representation

Timestamp (timestamp) : Generally speaking, the timestamp represents the offset in seconds from 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970. We run "type(time.time())" and the return type is float.

Formatted time string (Format String): '1999-12-06'

Time formatting symbol


'''
%y 两位数的年份表示(00-99)
%Y 四位数的年份表示(000-9999)
%m 月份(01-12)
%d 月内中的一天(0-31)
%H 24小时制小时数(0-23)
%I 12小时制小时数(01-12)
%M 分钟数(00=59)
%S 秒(00-59)
%a 本地简化星期名称
%A 本地完整星期名称
%b 本地简化的月份名称
%B 本地完整的月份名称
%c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示
%j 年内的一天(001-366)
%p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符
%U 一年中的星期数(00-53)星期天为星期的开始
%w 星期(0-6),星期天为星期的开始
%W 一年中的星期数(00-53)星期一为星期的开始
%x 本地相应的日期表示
%X 本地相应的时间表示
%Z 当前时区的名称
%% %号本身

'''

Tuple (struct_time): The struct_time tuple has a total of 9 elements: (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, week of the year, day of the year Wait

Tuple element meaning


"""

索引(Index)属性(Attribute)  值(Values)
   tm_year(年)   比如2011
   tm_mon(月)    1 - 12
   tm_mday(日)   1 - 31
   tm_hour(时)   0 - 23
   tm_min(分)    0 - 59
   tm_sec(秒)    0 - 61
   tm_wday(weekday)  0 - 6(0表示周日)
   tm_yday(一年中的第几天) 1 - 366
   tm_isdst(是否是夏令时) 默认为-1

"""

Several formats for expressing time in python


#导入时间模块
>>>import time

#时间戳
>>>time.time()
1500875844.800804

#时间字符串
>>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X")
'2017-07-24 13:54:37'
>>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S")
'2017-07-24 13-55-04'

#时间元组:localtime将一个时间戳转换为当前时区的struct_time
time.gmtime()
time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=24,
          tm_hour=13, tm_min=59, tm_sec=37, 
     tm_wday=0, tm_yday=205, tm_isdst=0)

# 小结:时间戳是计算机能够识别的时间;时间字符串是人能够看懂的时间;元组则是用来操作时间

Conversion between various formatted times

Introduction to the time module of python module


#时间戳-->结构化时间
#time.gmtime(时间戳) #UTC时间,与英国伦敦当地时间一致
#time.localtime(时间戳) #当地时间。例如我们现在在北京执行这个方法:与UTC时间相差8小时,UTC时间+8小时 = 北京时间 
>>>time.gmtime(1500000000)
time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=2, tm_min=40, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=195, tm_isdst=0)
>>>time.localtime(1500000000)
time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=10, tm_min=40, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=195, tm_isdst=0)

#结构化时间-->时间戳 
#time.mktime(结构化时间)
>>>time_tuple = time.localtime(1500000000)
>>>time.mktime(time_tuple)
1500000000.0


#结构化时间-->字符串时间
#time.strftime("格式定义","结构化时间") 结构化时间参数若不传,则现实当前时间
>>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X")
'2017-07-24 14:55:36'
>>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime(1500000000))
'2017-07-14'

#字符串时间-->结构化时间
#time.strptime(时间字符串,字符串对应格式)
>>>time.strptime("2017-03-16","%Y-%m-%d")
time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=16, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=75, tm_isdst=-1)
>>>time.strptime("07/24/2017","%m/%d/%Y")
time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=24, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=205, tm_isdst=-1)

Introduction to the time module of python module


##

#结构化时间 --> %a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y串
#time.asctime(结构化时间) 如果不传参数,直接返回当前时间的格式化串
>>>time.asctime(time.localtime(1500000000))
'Fri Jul 14 10:40:00 2017'
>>>time.asctime()
'Mon Jul 24 15:18:33 2017'

#%a %d %d %H:%M:%S %Y串 --> 结构化时间
#time.ctime(时间戳) 如果不传参数,直接返回当前时间的格式化串
>>>time.ctime()
'Mon Jul 24 15:19:07 2017'
>>>time.ctime(1500000000)
'Fri Jul 14 10:40:00 2017'

Calculate time difference


import time
true_time=time.mktime(time.strptime('2017-09-11 08:30:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
time_now=time.mktime(time.strptime('2017-09-12 11:00:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
dif_time=time_now-true_time
struct_time=time.gmtime(dif_time)
print('过去了%d年%d月%d天%d小时%d分钟%d秒'%(struct_time.tm_year-1970,struct_time.tm_mon-1,
          struct_time.tm_mday-1,struct_time.tm_hour,
          struct_time.tm_min,struct_time.tm_sec))

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