Summary of commonly used commands for system inspection under Linux

Linux systems require regular inspections to check the usage of server software and hardware, which is equivalent to a physical examination of a person, to ensure that problems can be discovered and solved in time, and losses can be reduced. Commonly used inspection commands are as follows:

# uname -a # View kernel/operating system/CPU information

# head -n 1 /etc/issue # View operating system version

# cat /proc/cpuinfo # View CPU information

# hostname # View the computer name

# lspci -tv # List all PCI devices

# lsusb -tv # List all USB devices

# lsmod # List loaded kernel modules

# env # View environment variables

# free -m # View memory usage and swap area usage

# df -h # Check the usage of each partition

# du -sh < directory name> # Check the size of the specified directory

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # Check the total memory

# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # Check the amount of free memory

# uptime # Check the system running time, number of users, and load

# cat /proc/loadavg # Check the system load

# mount | column -t # Check the attached partition status

# fdisk -l # Check all partitions

# swapon -s # Check all swap partitions

# hdparm -i /dev/hda # View disk parameters (only applicable to IDE devices)

# dmesg | grep IDE # View the IDE device detection status during startup

# ifconfig # View Properties of all network interfaces

# iptables -L #View firewall settings

# route -n #View routing table

# netstat -lntp #View all listening ports

# netstat -antp # View all established connections

# netstat -s # View network statistics

# ps -ef # View all processes

# top # Display process status in real time

# w # View active users

# id < username> # View specified user information

# last # View user login Log

# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # View all users in the system

# cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # View all groups in the system

# crontab -l # View all users’ scheduled tasks

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