Detailed explanation of Linux ls command

linux The way to list all files and subdirectories in a folder is to use: ls command.

ls command format:

ls [选项] [目录名]

ls command usage example:

Example 1: List the details of all files and directories under the /home folder:

ls -l -R /home

There must be a dash "-" before the command parameter. The above command can also be written like this:

ls -lR /home/pythontab

Example 2: List the detailed contents of all directories starting with "t" in the current directory , you can use the following command:

ls -l t*

If you omit the command parameters and operation objects and enter "ls" directly, the contents of the current working directory will be listed.

Example 3: List only the folders in the directory

ls -F /home |grep /$

Output:

[root@localhost opt]# ls -F /opt/soft |grep /$
jdk1.6.0_16/
subversion-1.6.1/
tomcat6.0.32/

Example 4: List all files in the current working directory whose names begin with s, After the latest troubleshooting, you can use the following command:

ls -ltr s*

Example 5: List all files and directories in the current working directory; add "/" after the name of the directory, and add "" after the name of the executable file *"

ls -AF

Output:

[root@localhost opt]# ls -AF
log/  script/  soft/  src/  svndata/  web/

Example 6: Calculate the number of files and directories in the current directory

ls -l * |grep "^-"|wc -l ---文件个数  
ls -l * |grep "^d"|wc -l    ---目录个数

Example 7: List the absolute paths of files in ls

ls | sed "s:^:`pwd`/:"

Output:

[root@localhost opt]# ls | sed "s:^:`pwd`/:" 
/opt/log
/opt/script
/opt/soft
/opt/src
/opt/svndata
/opt/web

Example 9: List the absolute paths of all files (including hidden files) in the current directory, without recursion on the directory

find $PWD -maxdepth 1 | xargs ls -ld

Output:

[root@localhost opt]# find $PWD -maxdepth 1 | xargs ls -ld
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 10-11 03:43 /opt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2012-03-08 /opt/log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2012-03-08 /opt/script
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 10-11 03:21 /opt/soft
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2012-03-08 /opt/src
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 10-11 05:22 /opt/svndata
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 10-09 00:45 /opt/web

Example 10: Recursively list the absolute paths of all files (including hidden files) in the current directory

find $PWD | xargs ls -ld

Example 11: Specify the file time output format

ls -tl --time-style=full-iso

ls common parameters:

-a, –all lists all files in the directory, including implicit files starting with .

-A is the same as -a, but does not list "." (indicates the current directory) and ".." (indicates the parent directory of the current directory).

-c With -lt: Sort by ctime and display ctime (the time when the file status was last changed) With -l: Display ctime but sort by name Otherwise: Sort by ctime

-C Every The columns list items from top to bottom

–color[=WHEN] controls whether to use color resolution files. WHEN can be one of 'never', 'always' or 'auto'

-d, –directory displays the directory as a file, rather than displaying the files under it.

-D, –dired produces results suitable for the dired mode of Emacs

-f does not sort the output files, the -aU option is effective, and the -lst option is invalid

-g is like -l, but does not list the owner

-G, –no-group does not list any information about the group

-h, –human-readable for easy understanding The format lists the file size (for example, 1K 234M 2G)

-si is similar to -h, but the file size is taken to the power of 1000 instead of 1024

-H, –dereference-command-line Use the real destination indicated by a symbolic link in the command line

–indicator-style=Mode specifies an indicator after each project name: none (default), classify (-F ), file-type (-p)

-i, –inode prints out the inode number of each file

-I, –ignore= style does not print out any wildcard characters that match the shell The item

-k of

-l In addition to the file name, the file's permissions, owner, file size and other information are also listed in detail.

-L, –dereference When displaying the file information of a symbolic link, display the object indicated by the symbolic link rather than the information of the symbolic link itself

-m All items are separated by commas and filled in Full line width

-o Similar to -l, displays detailed information of the file except group information.

-r, –reverse Sort in reverse order

-R, –recursive List all subdirectory levels at the same time

-s, –size Column in block size Out the size of all files

-S Sort by file size

–sort=WORD The following are the available WORDs and the corresponding options they represent:

-t Sort by file Modify time sorting

-u Cooperate with -lt: Display access time and sort by access time

Cooperate with -l: Display access time but sort by name

Otherwise: According to access time Sort by time

-U No sorting; list items in the original order of the file system

-v Sort by version

-w, –width=COLS Automatic Specify screen width instead of using current value

-x List items line by line instead of column by column

-X Sort by extension

-1 Only items per line List a file

-help Display this help message and leave

-version Display version information and leave

Display color directory listing configuration method, Open /etc/bashrc , add the following line:

alias ls="ls --color"

The next time you start bash, you can display a colored directory list like in Slackware, where the meaning of the colors is as follows :

1. Blue-->Directory

2. Green-->executable file

3. Red-->Compressed file

4. Light blue-->Linked files

5. Gray-->Other files

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