Detailed introduction to using Python to generate sitemap

When working on website projects, scripts are often used to generate sitemaps, which is convenient for crawlers and beneficial to SEO. So how to use Python to generate sitemap? Let’s study it below.

Install lxml

First you need pip install lxml to install the lxml library.

If you encounter the following error on ubuntu:

#include "libxml/xmlversion.h"
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
 Removing temporary dir /tmp/pip_build_root...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
  status = self.run(options, args)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
  requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
  requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 706, in install
  cwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/util.py", line 697, in call_subprocess
  % (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml

Please install the following dependencies:

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev

Python code

The following is to generate sitemap and sitemapindex indexes code, you can pass in the required parameters as required, or add fields:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import io
import re
from lxml import etree
def generate_xml(filename, url_list):
  """Generate a new xml file use url_list"""
  root = etree.Element('urlset',
             xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
  for each in url_list:
    url = etree.Element('url')
    loc = etree.Element('loc')
    loc.text = each
    url.append(loc)
    root.append(url)
  header = u&#39;<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n&#39;
  s = etree.tostring(root, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;, pretty_print=True)
  with io.open(filename, &#39;w&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
    f.write(unicode(header+s))
def update_xml(filename, url_list):
  """Add new url_list to origin xml file."""
  f = open(filename, &#39;r&#39;)
  lines = [i.strip() for i in f.readlines()]
  f.close()
  old_url_list = []
  for each_line in lines:
    d = re.findall(&#39;<loc>(http:\/\/.+)<\/loc>&#39;, each_line)
    old_url_list += d
  url_list += old_url_list
  generate_xml(filename, url_list)
def generatr_xml_index(filename, sitemap_list, lastmod_list):
  """Generate sitemap index xml file."""
  root = etree.Element(&#39;sitemapindex&#39;,
             xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
  for each_sitemap, each_lastmod in zip(sitemap_list, lastmod_list):
    sitemap = etree.Element(&#39;sitemap&#39;)
    loc = etree.Element(&#39;loc&#39;)
    loc.text = each_sitemap
    lastmod = etree.Element(&#39;lastmod&#39;)
    lastmod.text = each_lastmod
    sitemap.append(loc)
    sitemap.append(lastmod)
    root.append(sitemap)
  header = u&#39;<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n&#39;
  s = etree.tostring(root, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;, pretty_print=True)
  with io.open(filename, &#39;w&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
    f.write(unicode(header+s))
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
  urls = [&#39;http://www.baidu.com&#39;] * 10
  mods = [&#39;2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00&#39;] * 10
  generatr_xml_index(&#39;index.xml&#39;, urls, mods)

Effect

The generated effect should be in this format:

sitemap format:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
 <url>
  <loc>http://www.example.com/foo.html</loc>
 </url>
</urlset>
sitemapindex格式：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
  <sitemap>
   <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap1.xml.gz</loc>
   <lastmod>2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  <sitemap>
   <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap2.xml.gz</loc>
   <lastmod>2005-01-01</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  </sitemapindex>

Lastmod time format problem

The format uses the ISO 8601 standard. If it is a linux/unix system, you can use the following function to obtain it

def get_lastmod_time(filename):
  time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
  t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
  # return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S+08:00', t)
  return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', t)

Optimization

Generally speaking, using lxml is inefficient and takes up a lot of memory. You can create it directly using the write method of the file.

def generate_xml(filename, url_list):
  with gzip.open(filename,"w") as f:
    f.write("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">\n""")
    for i in url_list:
      f.write("""<url><loc>%s</loc></url>\n"""%i)
    f.write("""</urlset>""")
def append_xml(filename, url_list):
  with gzip.open(filename, &#39;r&#39;) as f:
    for each_line in f:
      d = re.findall(&#39;<loc>(http:\/\/.+)<\/loc>&#39;, each_line)
      url_list.extend(d)
    generate_xml(filename, set(url_list))
def modify_time(filename):
  time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
  t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
  return time.strftime(&#39;%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S:%SZ&#39;, t)
def new_xml(filename, url_list):
  generate_xml(filename, url_list)
  root = dirname(filename)
  with open(join(dirname(root), "sitemap.xml"),"w") as f:
    f.write(&#39;<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">\n&#39;)
    for i in glob.glob(join(root,"*.xml.gz")):
      lastmod = modify_time(i)
      i = i[len(CONFIG.SITEMAP_PATH):]
      f.write("<sitemap>\n<loc>http:/%s</loc>\n"%i)
      f.write("<lastmod>%s</lastmod>\n</sitemap>\n"%lastmod)
    f.write(&#39;</sitemapindex>&#39;)

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