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In-depth understanding of the relevant applications of basic grammar of regular expressions (Collection)

黄舟
黄舟Original
2017-08-11 11:32:391799browse

1. Basic syntax of regular expressions

Two special symbols '^' and '$'. Their function is to indicate the beginning and end of a string respectively. Examples are as follows:

"^The":表示所有以"The"开始的字符串("There","The cat"等);
"of despair$":表示所以以"of despair"结尾的字符串;
"^abc$":表示开始和结尾都是"abc"的字符串——呵呵,只有"abc"自己了;
"notice":表示任何包含"notice"的字符串。

Like the last example, if you don't use two special characters, you are indicating that the string you want to find is in any part of the string being searched - you are not positioning it in a certain top.

Other symbols include '*', '+' and '?', which represent the number of times a character or a sequence of characters appears repeatedly. They mean "none or more", "once or more" and "none or once" respectively. Here are a few examples:

"ab*":表示一个字符串有一个a后面跟着零个或若干个b。("a", "ab", "abbb",……);
"ab+":表示一个字符串有一个a后面跟着至少一个b或者更多;
"ab?":表示一个字符串有一个a后面跟着零个或者一个b;
"a?b+$":表示在字符串的末尾有零个或一个a跟着一个或几个b。

You can also use ranges, enclosed in curly brackets, to indicate a range of repetitions.

"ab{2}":表示一个字符串有一个a跟着2个b("abb");
"ab{2,}":表示一个字符串有一个a跟着至少2个b;
"ab{3,5}":表示一个字符串有一个a跟着3到5个b。

Please note that you must specify the lower limit of the range (eg: "{0,2}" instead of "{,2}"). Also, you may have noticed that '*', '+' and '?' are equivalent to "{0,}", "{1,}" and "{0,1}".

There is also a '¦', indicating the "or" operation:

"hi¦hello":表示一个字符串里有"hi"或者"hello";
"(b¦cd)ef":表示"bef"或"cdef";
"(a¦b)*c":表示一串"a""b"混合的字符串后面跟一个"c";
'.'可以替代任何字符:
"a.[0-9]":表示一个字符串有一个"a"后面跟着一个任意字符和一个数字;
"^.{3}$":表示有任意三个字符的字符串(长度为3个字符);

The square brackets indicate that certain characters are allowed to appear at a specific position in a string:

"[ab]":表示一个字符串有一个"a"或"b"(相当于"a¦b");
"[a-d]":表示一个字符串包含小写的'a'到'd'中的一个(相当于"a¦b¦c¦d"或者"[abcd]");
"^[a-zA-Z]":表示一个以字母开头的字符串;
"[0-9]%":表示一个百分号前有一位的数字;
",[a-zA-Z0-9]$":表示一个字符串以一个逗号后面跟着一个字母或数字结束。

You can also use '^' in square brackets to indicate unwanted characters. '^' should be the first one in the square brackets. (For example: "%[^a-zA-Z]%" means that letters should not appear between two percent signs).

In order to express verbatim, you must add the transfer character '\' before the characters "^.$()¦*+?{\".

Please note that within square brackets, no escape characters are required.

2. Regular expression verification controls the input character type of the text box

1. Only numbers and English can be entered:

<input onkeyup="value=value.replace(/[\W]/g,&#39;&#39;) " onbeforepaste="clipboardData.setData(&#39;text&#39;,clipboardData.getData(&#39;text&#39;).replace(/[^\d]/g,&#39;&#39;))" 
ID="Text1" NAME="Text1">

2. Only numbers can be entered:

<input onkeyup="value=value.replace(/[^\d]/g,&#39;&#39;) " onbeforepaste="clipboardData.setData(&#39;text&#39;,clipboardData.getData(&#39;text&#39;).replace(/[^\d]/g,&#39;&#39;))" 
ID="Text2" NAME="Text2">

3. Only full-width numbers can be entered:

<input onkeyup="value=value.replace(/[^\uFF00-\uFFFF]/g,&#39;&#39;)" onbeforepaste="clipboardData.setData(&#39;text&#39;,clipboardData.getData(&#39;text&#39;)
.replace(/[^\uFF00-\uFFFF]/g,&#39;&#39;))" ID="Text3" NAME="Text3">

4. Only Chinese characters can be input:

<input onkeyup="value=value.replace(/[^\u4E00-\u9FA5]/g,&#39;&#39;)" onbeforepaste="clipboardData.setData(&#39;text&#39;,clipboardData.getData(&#39;text&#39;)
.replace(/[^\u4E00-\u9FA5]/g,&#39;&#39;))" ID="Text4" NAME="Text4">

3. Popular explanation of application examples of regular expressions

//校验是否全由数字组成
/^[0-9]{1,20}$/
^ 表示打头的字符要匹配紧跟^后面的规则
$ 表示打头的字符要匹配紧靠$前面的规则
[ ] 中的内容是可选字符集
[0-9] 表示要求字符范围在0-9之间
{1,20}表示数字字符串长度合法为1到20,即为[0-9]中的字符出现次数的范围是1到20次。/^ 和 $/成对使用应该是表示要求整个字符串完全匹配定义的规则,而不是只匹配字符串中的一个子串。
//校验登录名:只能输入5-20个以字母开头、可带数字、“_”、“.”的字串
/^[a-zA-Z]{1}([a-zA-Z0-9]|[._]){4,19}$/
^[a-zA-Z]{1} 表示第一个字符要求是字母。
([a-zA-Z0-9]|[._]){4,19} 表示从第二位开始(因为它紧跟在上个表达式后面)的一个长度为4到9位的字符串,它要求是由大小写字母、数字或者特殊字符集[._]组成。
//校验用户姓名:只能输入1-30个以字母开头的字串
/^[a-zA-Z]{1,30}$/
//校验密码:只能输入6-20个字母、数字、下划线
/^(\w){6,20}$/
\w:用于匹配字母,数字或下划线字符 //校验普通电话、传真号码:可以“+”或数字开头,可含有“-” 和 “ ”
/^[+]{0,1}(\d){1,3}[ ]?([-]?((\d)|[ ]){1,12})+$/
\d:用于匹配从0到9的数字;
“?”元字符规定其前导对象必须在目标对象中连续出现零次或一次
可以匹配的字符串如:+123 -999 999 ; +123-999 999 ;123 999 999 ;+123 999999等
//校验URL
/^http[s]{0,1}:\/\/.+$/ 或 /^http[s]{0,1}:\/\/.{1,n}$/ (表示url串的长度为length(“https://”) + n )
\ / :表示字符“/”。
. 表示所有字符的集
+ 等同于{1,},就是1到正无穷吧。

4. Regular expression application (common parts)

"^\d+$"  //非负整数(正整数 + 0)
"^[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$"  //正整数
"^((-\d+)|(0+))$"  //非正整数(负整数 + 0)
"^-[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$"  //负整数
"^-?\d+$"    //整数
"^\d+(\.\d+)?$"  //非负浮点数(正浮点数 + 0)
"^(([0-9]+\.[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*))$"  //正浮点数
"^((-\d+(\.\d+)?)|(0+(\.0+)?))$"  //非正浮点数(负浮点数 + 0)
"^(-(([0-9]+\.[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*)))$"  //负浮点数
"^(-?\d+)(\.\d+)?$"  //浮点数
"^[A-Za-z]+$"  //由26个英文字母组成的字符串
"^[A-Z]+$"  //由26个英文字母的大写组成的字符串
"^[a-z]+$"  //由26个英文字母的小写组成的字符串
"^[A-Za-z0-9]+$"  //由数字和26个英文字母组成的字符串
"^\w+$"  //由数字、26个英文字母或者下划线组成的字符串
"^[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)*@[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)+$"    //email地址
"^[a-zA-z]+://(\w+(-\w+)*)(\.(\w+(-\w+)*))*(\?\S*)?$"  //url
/^(d{2}|d{4})-((0([1-9]{1}))|(1[1|2]))-(([0-2]([1-9]{1}))|(3[0|1]))$/   //  年-月-日
/^((0([1-9]{1}))|(1[1|2]))/(([0-2]([1-9]{1}))|(3[0|1]))/(d{2}|d{4})$/   // 月/日/年
"^([w-.]+)@(([[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.)|(([w-]+.)+))([a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[0-9]{1,3})(]?)$"   //Emil
"(d+-)?(d{4}-?d{7}|d{3}-?d{8}|^d{7,8})(-d+)?"     //电话号码
"^(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5]).(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5]).(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5]).(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5])$"   //IP地址
^([0-9A-F]{2})(-[0-9A-F]{2}){5}$   //MAC地址的正则表达式
^[-+]?\d+(\.\d+)?$  //值类型正则表达式
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