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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialDetailed explanation of how JavaScript uses the eval() function to calculate JavaScript string instances

Syntax

eval(string)
Parameters Description
string Required. A string to evaluate that contains a JavaScript expression to evaluate or a statement to execute.

eval()函数用法详解:

此函数可能使用的频率并不是太高,但是在某些情况下具有很大的作用,下面就介绍一下eval()函数的用法。

此函数可以接受一个字符串str作为参数,并把此str当做一段javascript代码去执行,如果str执行结果是一个值则返回此值,否则返回undefined。如果参数不是一个字符串,则直接返回该参数,实例如下:


eval("var a=1");//声明一个变量a并赋值1。
eval("2+3");//执行加运算,并返回运算值。
eval("mytest()");//执行mytest()函数。
eval("{b:2}");//声明一个对象。

在以上代码特别注意的是,最后一个语句是声明了一个对象,如果想返回此对象,则需要在对象外面再嵌套一层小括号,如下:

eval("({b:2})");

以上内容简单介绍了eval()函数的用法,比较容易理解。此函数最让人感到困惑的是关于它的作用域问题,下面就结合实例来介绍一下相关内容,先看一段代码实例:


function a(){ 
 eval("var x=1"); 
 console.log(x); 
} 
a(); 
console.log(x);

在上面的代码中,第一个alert()函数能够弹出1,而第二个会因为x未定义而报错。
由以上表现可以得出,eval()函数并不会创建一个新的作用域,并且它的作用域就是它所在的作用域。这在所有主流浏览器都是如此,但是有时候需要将eval()函数的作用域设置为全局,当然可以将eval()在全局作用域中使用,但是往往实际应用中,需要在局部作用域使用具有全局作用域的此函数,这个时候可以用window.eval()的方式实现,例如以上代码可以改造如下:


function a(){ 
 window.eval("var x=1"); 
 console.log(x); 
} 
a(); 
console.log(x);

在上面的代码中,两个alert()语句都能够正常弹出1。但是此中方式在标准浏览器中是可以的,但是在IE8和IE8以下浏览器中的表现依然和eval()一样,作用域是它们所在的作用域。这个时候可以使用IE浏览器独有的window.execScript()解决IE8和IE8浏览器的问题。为了实现兼容所有主流浏览器,把代码改造如下:


function a(){ 
 if(window.execScript){ 
  window.execScript("var x=1"); 
 } 
 else{ 
  window.eval("var x=1"); 
 } 
 console.log(x); 
} 
a(); 
console.log(x);

如果浏览器支持window.execScript(),则使用此函数,不支持则使用window.eval(),这样就可以解决IE8和IE8以下浏览器的问题。

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