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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialSummary of how to use the OS standard library in Python

Summary of how to use the OS standard library in Python

Jul 20, 2017 pm 03:16 PM
pythonInstructionsSummarize

python中的OS库提供了使用各种操作系统功能的接口。是经常用到的一个库,所以这篇文章主要给大家总结介绍了关于Python中标准库OS的常用方法,文中给出了详细的示例代码供大家参考学习,需要的朋友们下面来一起看看吧。

前言

我们经常会与文件和目录打交道,对于这些操作python提供了一个os模块,里面包含了很多操作文件和目录的函数。在写一些系统脚本或者自动化运维脚本的时候经常会用到这个 os 库,所以这里做个整理,方便需要的时候或者需要的朋友查找学习,下面话不多说,来一起看看详细的介绍吧。

1、os.sep

获得当前操作系统使用的目录分隔符,比如 Windows 就会得到\而 Linux/Unix 就会得到/
os.name

获得当前使用的操作系统,Windows 是 NT 内核,所以会得到nt,而 Linux/Unix 用户则会得到posix

2、os.getcwd()

获得当前工作目录,即当前 Python 脚本工作的目录路径。

3、os.getenv()

用来获得环境变量


os.getenv('PATH')

4、os.environ

可以获取并修改环境变量


print(os.environ['PATH'])
os.environ += 'D:/testdir/bin/'
print(os.environ["PATH"])

5、os.listdir()

列出某目录下所有的目录和文件


print(os.listdir())

6、os.remove()

删除文件


os.remove('D:/test.file')

7、os.system()

运行 Shell 或者 CMD 命令


os.system('ifconfig')

8、os.linesep

获取当前平台使用的行终止符。例如,Windows 使用\r\n,Linux 使用\n而 Mac 使用\r。

9、os.path.split()

获得一个列表,list[0] 是路径的,list[1] 是文件名


path = 'D:/game/gtav/bin/gtav.exe'
print(os.path.split(path)[0])
print(os.path.split(path)[1])

10、os.path.isfile() os.path.isdir()

判断路径是不是文件 / 目录


print(os.path.isfile('D:/game/gtav/bin/gtav.exe'))
print(os.path.isdir('D:/game/gtav/bin'))

11、os.path.existe()

函数用来检验给出的路径是否真地存在


path = 'D:\\hadoop-2.6.5\\bin'
print(os.path.exists(path))
path = 'D:\\hadoop-2.6.5\\bin\\hadoop'
print(os.path.exists(path))

12、os.chdir(dirname)

切换工作目录,相当于cd的命令


os.chdir('D:/game/gtav/')
print(os.getcwd())

13、os.path.getsize(name)

获取文件大小,以字节为单位


size = os.path.getsize('D:/iso/debian-8.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso')
print(size/1024/1024/1024, 'GB')

14、os.path.abspath(name)

获取绝对路径,如果在 Python 工作目录下有一个文件file.txt,那么我就可以直接open('file.txt'),也可以用该方法获得其绝对路径print(os.path.abspath('file.txt'))。也可以用来规范路径字符串print(os.path.abspath('D:/game\gtav\bin/gtav.exe'))

15、os.path.normpath(path)

专门用来规范路径


path = 'D:/test/sdf\zfb'
print(os.path.normpath(path))

16、os.path.splitext()

获取文件名和扩展名


path = '/home/shawn/hello.py'
print(os.path.splitext(path))

17、os.path.join(path,name)

连接目录和文件名,可以不用自己添加分隔符,能减少 bug 率提升跨平台性

18、os.path.basename(path)

获取路径中的文件名

19、os.path.dirname(path)

获取路径中的目录名

总结

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