Compare the differences between refresh, force refresh and reload in browsers

From the perspective of http protocol
F5 and Ctrl+R are both ordinary refreshes. If the page has been visited before, an empty request will be sent to the server, and the server will return 302, indicating that the resource has not been updated. Browser caching can be used.
Force refresh (ctrl+F5), regardless of whether the browser caches it, you must re-request resources from the origin server, and return 200 if successful.
You can use chrome development tools to view the specific process. It is probably such a process, but it is more complicated in practice.

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