Detailed introduction to the annotation function in java

1. Description

The functions of the @Component annotation are the same, but there are three annotations with different meanings:

1) @Repository: annotation on the Dao implementation class
2) @Service: Annotated on the Service implementation class
3) @Controller: Annotated on the SpringMVC processor

Bean scope:
@Scope("prototype"): Used to specify object creation Mode, can be singleton mode or prototype mode, the default is singleton

Basic type attribute injection:
@Value

@Autowired: byType annotation injection, that is, based on type annotation
@Qualifier("mySchool"): byName annotation injection, must be used in conjunction with @Autowired when using @Qualifier

Domain attribute annotation:
@Resource: Without the name attribute Annotation injection in byType mode, but the premise is that the injected object can only have one
@Resource(name="mySchool"): annotation injection in byName mode

The life of the Bean:
@PostConstruct: The current Bean has just been initialized
@PreDestroy: The current Bean is about to be destroyed

@Configuration: Indicates that the current class acts as a Spring container, that is, all beans will be created by this class

Note:

Several issues should be stated before giving an example:

1. Annotations need to depend on the spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar package, so they need to be imported. Dependency package.

## 2. Inject using annotation, the configuration file needs to be added Constraint header file:

<?xml  version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans></beans>

You can also find this header file yourself from Spring’s documentation:

　3. If SpringJUnit4 test is used, you also need to import the spring-test-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar package

2. Example

1. First create a School class:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.annotation.demo1;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("mySchool")public class School {

    @Value(value = "清华大学")private String name;public School() {super();
    }public School(String name) {super();this.name = name;
    }public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;
    }

    @Overridepublic String toString() {return "School [name=" + name + "]";
    }
}

Create Student class:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.annotation.demo1;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/**
 * 说明：
 * 与@Component注解功能相同，但意义不同的注解还有三个：
 * 1）@Repository:注解在Dao实现类上
 * 2）@Service:注解在Service实现类上
 * 3）@Controller:注解在SpringMVC的处理器上
 * 
 * Bean作用域：
 * @Scope("prototype"):用于指定对象创建模式，可以是单例模式或者原型模式，默认是singleton
 * 
 * 基本类型属性注入：
 * @Value
 * 
 * @Autowired:byType方式的注解式注入，即根据类型注解
 * @Qualifier("mySchool"):byName方式的注解式注入，在使用@Qualifier时必须与@Autowired联合使用
 * 
 * 域属性注解：
 * @Resource:不加name属性则为byType方式的注解式注入，但前提是注入的对象只能有一个
 * @Resource(name="mySchool"):byName方式的注解式注入
 * 
 * Bean的生命始末：
 * @PostConstruct：当前Bean初始化刚完毕
 * @PreDestroy：当前Bean即将被销毁 *///@Scope("prototype")@Component("myStudent")public class Student {

    @Value(value = "小明")private String name;
    
    @Value(value = "25")private int age;    //    @Autowired//    @Qualifier("mySchool")//    @Resource(name="mySchool")    @Resourceprivate School school;// 对象属性，也叫做域属性public Student() {super();
    }    public Student(String name, int age) {super();this.name = name;this.age = age;
    }public void setName(String name) {
        System.out.println("执行setName()");this.name = name;
    }public void setAge(int age) {
        System.out.println("执行setAge()");this.age = age;
    }public void setSchool(School school) {this.school = school;
    }

    @Overridepublic String toString() {return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", school=" + school + "]";
    }
    
    @PostConstructpublic void initAfter(){
        System.out.println("当前Bean初始化刚完毕");
    }
    
    @PreDestroypublic void preDestroy(){
        System.out.println("当前Bean即将被销毁");
    }
}

Create MyJavaConfig class:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.annotation.demo1;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowire;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/**
 * @Configuration：表示当前类充当Spring容器，即所有的Bean将由这个类来创建 */@Configurationpublic class MyJavaConfig {
    
    @Bean(name="mySchool")public School mySchoolCreator(){return new School("清华大学");
    }    // autowire=Autowire.BY_TYPE：指从当前类这个容器中查找与域属性的类型具有is-a关系的Bean// autowire=Autowire.BY_NAME：指从当前类这个容器中查找与域属性同名的Bean@Bean(name="myStudent", autowire=Autowire.BY_TYPE)public Student myStudentCreator(){return new Student("小明", 25);
    }
}

Create configuration file:

<?xml  version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans><!-- 扫描 com.ietree.spring.basic.annotation.demo1这个包及其子包 --><component-scan></component-scan><!-- 扫描 com.ietree.spring.basic这个包的子包 --><component-scan></component-scan></beans>

Create test class:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.annotation.demo1;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath:com/ietree/spring/basic/annotation/demo1/applicationContext.xml")public class MyTest {
    
    @Autowiredprivate Student student;
    
    @Testpublic void test01() {

        String resource = "com/ietree/spring/basic/annotation/demo1/applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);

        School school = (School) ctx.getBean("mySchool");
        System.out.println(school);

        Student student = (Student) ctx.getBean("myStudent");
        System.out.println(student);
        
        ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)ctx).close();
    }    public void test02(){
        System.out.println(student);
    }
    
}

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