Detailed explanation of the usage of IP command

The ip command is a new and powerful network configuration tool under Linux.

1 Function

The ip command is used to display or manipulate the routing, network devices, policy routing and tunnels of the Linux host.

2 Usage

Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

ip [ -force ] - batch filename

-force: Do not terminate on error in batch mode

-b:-batch filenam, read commands from the supplied file or standard input and call them, first time Failure will result in IP termination

3 Parameters and Options

OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |

tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | { -V[ersion] | -h[uman-readable] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] |

-r[esolve] | -iec | -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link }

| -4 | -6 | -I | -D | -B | -0 | -l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-

attempts } | -o[neline] | -rc[vbuf] [size] | -t[imestamp] |

-ts[hort] | -n[etns] name | -a[ll] }

(1) OPTIONS

are some options to modify the IP behavior or change its output. All options start with the - character and are divided into long and short One form:

-V: -Version prints the version of the ip and exits -h: Human readable output

-s: -stats –statistics, output more information, if this option appears twice or more, the output information will be more detailed

d: Output more detailed information

-l: Specify the "IP address refresh" logic to The maximum number of cycles to try, the default is 10 ,

inet6

、

bridge, ipx, dnet or link

-4: It is the abbreviation of -family inet -6: It is the abbreviation of -family inet6 -0: It is the abbreviation of-family link -I: It is the abbreviation of-family ipx -o: -oneline single line output, replace line breaks with "\"

characters

-n

：-netns#IP of the switch to the specified network spacenetns

## -r:-resolve Use system name resolution to print DNS names instead of host addresses -t:Use monitor options Display the current time -a：-all

Execute the specified command on all objects command, depending on whether the command supports this option

-rc

：

-rcvbuf (size) SettingsNetlinkSocket receive buffer size setting, the default is 1MB

(2) OBJECT

is the object you want to manage or obtain information

OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |

tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor |

link   Network device

address The protocol (IP or IPV6) address of a device

neighbor ARP or NDISC buffer entry

route   Routing table entry

rule Rules in routing policy database

maddress Multicast address

mroute Multicast routing buffer entry

monitor Monitor network messages

mrule group Rules in the broadcast routing policy database

Tunnel Tunnel over IP

l2tp Tunnel Ethernet (L2TPV3)

Note: All object names can be abbreviated, for example: address It can be abbreviated as addr, or even a.

4 Modify IP address

(1) Add IP address

Format: ip addr add ADDRESS/MASK dev DEVICE

root@centos7 ~]# ip addr add 192.1.1.1/24 dev ens33

(2) Delete IP address

[root@centos7 ~]# ip addr del 192.1.1.1/24 dev ens34

5 View network information

[root@ centos7 ~]# ip address show[……]

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:3a:00:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.29.3/24 brd 192.168.29.255 scope global ens33

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3a:82/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: ens34: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:3a:00:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.1.1.1/24 scope global ens34

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3a:8c/64 scope link tentative

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

##6 Adding and deleting routing tables

(1) Add routing table Format: ip rouite add TARGET via GW

TARGET is the target network or host, GW is the gateway or start. [root@centos7 ~]# ip route add 172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.29.1

(2) Delete routing table

[ root@centos7 ~]# ip route del 172.16.0.0/16

(3) Display routing table

Format: ip route show|list

[root@centos7 ~]# ip route listdefault via 192.168.29.1 dev ens33 proto static metric 100

172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.29.1 dev ens33

192.168.29.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.29.3 metric 100

192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1

[root@centos7 ~ ]# ip route show

default via 192.168.29.1 dev ens33 proto static metric 100

172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.29.1 dev ens33

192.168.29.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.29.3 metric 100

192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1

(4) Clear routing table

Format: ip route flush [dev IFACE] [via PREFIX]

[root@centos7 ~]# ip route flush dev ens33

（5） Add gateway

Format: ip route add default via GW dev IFACE

[root@centos7 ~]# ip route add default via 192.168.29.1

7 Example

(1) Display the running status of the network device[root@centos7 ~]# ip link list

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00: 00:00:00:00:00

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 00: 0c:29:3a:00:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

(2) Display neighbor table

[root@centos7 ~ ]# ip neigh list

192.168.29.1 dev ens33 lladdr 00:50:56:c0:00:01 REACHABLE

(3) View network card information

[root@centos7 ~ ]# ip -s link list ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c :29:3a:00:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast

704554 4943 0 0 0 0

TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier colsns

470814 3110 0 0 0 0

(4) Change the maximum transmission queue length

[root @centos7 ~]# ip link set dev ens33 txqueuelen 1500

(5) Set MTU

[root@centos7 ~]# ip link set ens33 mtu 1400

Show whether the above settings are effective

[root@centos7 ~]# ip link show ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1400 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1500

link/ether 00:0c:29:3a:00:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

You can see mtu and qlen All have taken effect

(6) Shut down the network device

[root@centos7 ~]# ip link set ens38 down

[root@centos7 ~ ]# ip link show ens38

4: ens38: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:3a:00 :96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

[root@centos7 ~]

# (7) Turn on the network device

[root@centos7 ~]# ip link set ens38 up

[root@centos7 ~]# ip link show ens38

4: ens38: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:3a:00:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

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