Linux basic command tutorial

1.mkdir Create directory

mkdir -p Loop to create directory

touch Create file

2.ls Display directory or file

ls - ld=ll View in long directory format

ls -a (a=all) View all files or directories including hidden ones

ls -F View files by file type

3.cd Switch directory level

cd .. Return to the previous directory

4.pwd View the current location path file

5.cat View file content

cat -n displays the number of lines

cat >a.txt Replaces the content of the original file

cat >>a.txt Adds new content to the file without changing the original File content

6.vi/vim Enter the command (vim is better, because vim has error reporting and color display)

7.> For single line text Overwrite

>> Used to append file content without replacing the original content

8.; Separator character for multiple commands

9./ Root or path delimiter

10.cp (copy) copy file

cp -a copy directory

11.mv (move) Paste the moved file

rename rename command

12.rm (remove) delete file

rm -fr force delete directory or file

rmdir delete directory

13.grep -v excludes the contents of the file. It is one of the core commands of grep (the third of the Three Musketeers). The meaning of filtering is to filter by line, which is very important.

14.sed (the second of the Three Musketeers) takes various contents,

-n cancels default deletion

-p prints (good at line output)

sed -n 20, 30p cai.txt

15.awk (the boss) is good at column output

16.head View the first n lines of the file (the first 10 lines are displayed by default)

tail displays the last n lines of the file (the last 10 lines are displayed by default)

tail -f View changes at the end of the file

17.man + command explanation command (-- Help is also available)

18.which + command reports the location path of the command

find search command

find -type(f d) -name “ddd” search by name

Find -mtime Search by time

19.alias View the aliases of the computer

unalias Cancel the alias

The role of the alias:1) It can prevent misoperation by adding some protection parameters to dangerous commands to prevent human misoperation. 2) Convert complex strings into simple command characters. Example: alias cai=”cd /data/”AND unalias cai

20.| Pipe passes the output of the previous command to the next command through the pipe for continued processing

21.tree View the directory structure (tree shape)

22.Crtl +c Terminate the currently running command line

Crtl+d Exit the current user’s current environment

Ctrl+a Go to the front of the command line

Ctrl+e Go to the end of the command line

23.history View history

! + The number of historical lines that can be used to execute this line of commands

! + letter can call out the command starting with this letter

history -c clears all history records

history -d line number clears a certain line

24. In vim mode:

set nu display line number

dd delete current line

yy copy current line p paste

Line number+gg Position the line

shift+g to the end of the file

gg to the beginning of the line

25.ll /dev/sd * Used to view the partitioned hard disk

26.cat /etc/redhat-release View the installed linux version

uname -r View the kernel version

uname -m View the system version

uname -a show all

27.Now most linux manufacturers use 64-bit linux operating system in order to maximize the performance of the system.

28.A hard disk can only have a maximum of 4 primary partitions. One of the primary partitions can be replaced by an extended partition, and a hard disk can only have one extended partition. Multiple logical partitions can be divided into this extended partition. Because the logical partition is on the primary partition, the number of the logical partition can only start from 5.

29. Commonly used external device file names in Linux:

Floppy disk: /dev/fdN(N=0,1,2....)

Optical drive (IDE):/dev/cdrom

Optical drive (SCSI):/dev/scdN

Hard disk (IDE):/dev/hdx

Hard disk (SCSI):/dev/hdx

U disk:/dev/sdx/

30.diff Compare the difference in file contents: diff log1. txt log2.txt

31.passwd Modify user password

32.vi /etc/selinux/config Change to Selinux=disabled (turn off selinux)

33.chkconfig View Set the command to start the startup software

34. How to add a service:

1) The service script must be placed in the /etc/init.d/ directory

2) chkconfig --add servicename Add this service to the chkconfig tool service list

3) chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on Modify the default startup level of the service

35.netstat Check the network status lntup or an

netstat -lntup|grep content

36.ln -s Create soft connection

37.shutdown -h now Shut down immediately (commonly used in production)

shutdown -h +1 Shut down after 1 minute

poweroff Stop the system immediately and turn off the power

reboot Restart

38.chown (change owner) is used to change file or directory permissions Command

groupadd adds user group (useradd cai -g cai_home adds user cai belongs to cai_home user group)

r=4, w=2, x=1

Readable, writable, executable

38.fdisk -l View disk status

fdisk /dev/sdb Directly partition sdb in detail

39.lsof -i:52113 View port running status

40.showmount -e Server nfs view

showmount -a

showmount -e NFSIP client view

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