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Recently I wanted to learn some python data analysis content, so I made a crawler to crawl some data, and planned to use Anaconda's set of tools (pandas, numpy, scipy, matplotlib, jupyter) to conduct some preliminary data mining. and analysis.
When using matplotlib to draw, the abscissa is in Chinese, but the abscissa of the drawn bar chart always shows "frame", so I went to check the information to solve it. I feel that this should be a relatively common problem. There are indeed a lot of Chinese materials on the Internet, but none of them completely solved the problem I encountered. It took almost 3 hours of piecemeal work to finally get it done. I would like to share this in the hope that it can help other children who have the same problem.
Running environment:
python2.7
1 import matplotlib2 matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()For example, my file is at:
u'~/miniconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc'The font parameter in this file will be modified in subsequent steps. . 2. Look at all the fonts in the system and the available Chinese fonts. Also in jupyter nb:
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontManagerimport subprocess fm = FontManager() mat_fonts = set(f.name for f in fm.ttflist)print mat_fonts output = subprocess.check_output('fc-list :lang=zh -f "%{family}\n"', shell=True)print '*' * 10, '系统可用的中文字体', '*' * 10print output zh_fonts = set(f.split(',', 1)[0] for f in output.split('\n')) available = mat_fonts & zh_fontsprint '*' * 10, '可用的字体', '*' * 10for f in available:print fAfter completing the above operation, you will find that the "Available Fonts" is empty. Because there are no Chinese fonts for matplotlib (that's why Chinese characters are all displayed as "boxes") 3. Assume that there are no Chinese fonts in the operating system. At this time, download a ttf Chinese font and install it in cenos. You need to install a system that can detect font-family, otherwise it will be invalid. I downloaded it from this website: Unzip the rar file. Create the folder yourfontdir to store this font under the path
/usr/share/fonts, and copy the downloaded ttf file to yourfontdir (you can change the file to an English name for easier operation)
4. Install this font for cenos.cd /usr/share/fonts/yourfontsdir#生成字体索引信息. 会显示字体的font-familysudo mkfontscale sudo mkfontdir#更新字体缓存:fc-cache5. Modify the matplotlibrc file Modify the matplotlibrc file configuration obtained in step 1. Remove the comments in the font.family part and add a Chinese font to the font.serif support font. Here, add the font-family of the Chinese font you just downloaded. You can search it through the
fc-list command (so it’s best to write it down before). What I added here is the "WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono" font.
The following comment must be removed, otherwise the Chinese minus sign will also display a square:axes.unicode_minus : False6. This step is the most important! Add Chinese fonts to matplotlibAfter completing step 5, and then proceed to step 2, you will find that the "Available Chinese Fonts" already has the font you just installed, but the drawing still cannot display Chinese. This is because you installed the font in centos and told matplotlib to use this font, but matplotlib cannot find the ttf file of this font. . . . So I need to get one for it. Copy the downloaded ttf font to the following path:
~/miniconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttfand delete the relevant cache. In the following path:
~/.cache/matplotlibDelete the font-related cache7. Now try to draw a picture again. Done. Reference:
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