Apache Commons Digester

Preface

The previous article gave a basic introduction to Digester, and we have already understood the basic usage of Digester. Next, we will continue to learn its related features. This article mainly involves the following contents:

1. Rule module binding, complete the pre-binding of rules by defining a RulesModule interface implementation class, and reuse it at runtime

2. Asynchronous parsing xml

3. Parse variables in xml, such as ${sys.user}

4. Use the constructor with parameters to create objects, and the parameters come from xml node data

Rule module pre-binding - RulesModule interface

Before this, our basic process of using Digester was to bind the rules each time the program is running, and then parse it ;

In fact, we can change Digester's parsing process, pre-define the rule set when starting, and then reuse the pre-defined rules when running;

This may be a bit vague, You can take a look at the following Web application scenario, and you should have a deeper understanding;

servlet scenario example

Anyone who is familiar with web development should know servlet, so I won’t go into details here. Now, suppose there is an EmployeeServlet, as shown below:

Since the servlet is a singleton, and the Digester is not thread-safe, we will issue new every time it is requested. A Dgester object to ensure thread safety, written as follows:

public class EmployeeServlet  extends HttpServlet
{public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        Digester digester = new Digester();
        digester.setNamespaceAware( true );
        digester.setXIncludeAware( true );
        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee", Employee.class );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/firstName", "setFirstName", 0 );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/lastName", "setLastName", 0 );

        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee/address", Address.class );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/type", "setType", 0 );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/city", "setCity", 0 );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/state", "setState", 0 );
        digester.addSetNext( "employee/address", "addAddress" );

        Employee employee = digester.parse( openStream( req.getParameter( "employeeId" ) ) );
        ...
}

We can easily find the shortcomings of the above program: the code is not reused, and each request Rules need to be bound repeatedly;
However, we can use RuleSet to solve the problem of no code reuse, as shown below, define a EmployeeRuleSet rule set implementation RuleSet Interface:

public class EmployeeRuleSet  implements RuleSet
{public void addRuleInstances( Digester digester )
    {
        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee", Employee.class );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/firstName", "setFirstName", 0 );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/lastName", "setLastName", 0 );

        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee/address", Address.class );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/type", "setType", 0 );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/city", "setCity", 0 );
        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/state", "setState", 0 );
        digester.addSetNext( "employee/address", "addAddress" );
    }

}

Then use it like this in the servlet:

public class EmployeeServlet  extends HttpServlet
{private final RuleSet employeeRuleSet = new EmployeeRuleSet();public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        Digester digester = new Digester();
        digester.setNamespaceAware( true );
        digester.setXIncludeAware( true );

        employeeRuleSet.addRuleInstances( digester );

        Employee employee = digester.parse( openStream( req.getParameter( "employeeId" ) ) );
        ...
    }

}

Obviously there is nothing wrong with doing this (in fact, personally I think it is better to write a private method directly and add rules, haha), but it has the following disadvantages:

1. RuleSet is not actually a configuration, it just binds rules to digester ;

2. ##digesterThe object is highly coupled with the client and is created directly by the client;

3. Before each parsing call, you need to repeat the binding rules

4. When the rules are bound, the semantics are very poor. The readability is not good;

#So, what is the best practice? The answer is to use the RulesModule interface to help us pre-bind rules when starting, and then when running, Just reuse the pre-bound rules, as shown below:

Define a RulesModule interface implementation class:

class EmployeeModuleextends AbstractRulesModule
{

    @Overrideprotected void configure()
    {
        forPattern( "employee" ).createObject().ofType( Employee.class );
        forPattern( "employee/firstName" ).setBeanProperty();
        forPattern( "employee/lastName" ).setBeanProperty();

        forPattern( "employee/address" ).createObject().ofType( Address.class ).then().setNext( "addAddress");
        forPattern( "employee/address/type" ).setBeanProperty();
        forPattern( "employee/address/city" ).setBeanProperty();
        forPattern( "employee/address/state" ).setBeanProperty();
    }

}

Then use it in the servlet like this:

public class EmployeeServletextends HttpServlet
{private final DigesterLoader loader = newLoader( new EmployeeModule() )
        .setNamespaceAware( true )
        .setXIncludeAware( true );public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        Digester digester = loader.newDigester()

        Employee employee = digester.parse( openStream( req.getParameter("employeeId") ) );
        ...
    }

}

The benefits are obvious:

1. RulesModuleThe API for rule binding is very semantic, easy to use, and highly readable;

2. The configuration of rule binding is moved to the startup phase to complete;

3. digester objects are not created by the client. Instead Created by DigesterLoader;

FromXmlRulesModule

except

Write your own class to implement RulesModuleIn addition to the interface, digester itself provides a FromXmlRulesModule class, the RulesModule interface has been implemented, we can use like this: ##

            DigesterLoader loader = DigesterLoader.newLoader(  .getResource( "myrule.xml"

Complete example

Suppose there is an xml as follows, to be parsed

<employee>
    <firstName>Pi</firstName>
    <lastName>Chen</lastName>
    <address>
        <type>CITY</type>
        <city>HangZhou</city>
        <state>2</state>
    </address>
</employee>

Start coding. First, define a RulesModule interface implementation class:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.AbstractRulesModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;/**
 * 
 * 
 * @author    
 * @version   2017年6月5日 */public class EmployeeModule extends AbstractRulesModule {

    @Overrideprotected void configure() {
        forPattern("employee").createObject().ofType(Employee.class);
        forPattern("employee/firstName").setBeanProperty();
        forPattern("employee/lastName").setBeanProperty();

        forPattern("employee/address").createObject().ofType(Address.class).then().setNext("addAddress");
        forPattern("employee/address/type").setBeanProperty();
        forPattern("employee/address/city").setBeanProperty();
        forPattern("employee/address/state").setBeanProperty();
    }

}

Write client class:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import org.xml.sax.SAXException;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/**
 * 
 * 
 * @author    
 * @version   2017年6月5日 */public class DigesterLoaderMain {private static DigesterLoader dl = DigesterLoader.newLoader(new EmployeeModule())
            .setNamespaceAware(false);public static void main(String[] args) {try {
            
            Digester digester = dl.newDigester();
            Employee employee = digester.parse(ExampleMain.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("employee.xml"));

            System.out.print(employee.getFirstName() + " ");
            System.out.print(employee.getLastName() + ", ");for (Address a : employee.getAddressList()) {
                System.out.print(a.getType() + ", ");
                System.out.print(a.getCity() + ", ");
                System.out.println(a.getState());
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Result printing:

Pi Chen, CITY, HangZhou, 2

Asynchronous parsing XML

For asynchronous parsing, you can directly call the asyncParse method, but special attention is required because the

digester object is not thread-safe. The following is a simple API usage example ：Continue the previous example, use the same xml and RulesModule implementation class;

Client class:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Future;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/**
 * 
 * @author    
 * @version   2017年6月5日 */public class AsyncParseMain {private static DigesterLoader dl = DigesterLoader.newLoader(new EmployeeModule())
            .setNamespaceAware(false).setExecutorService(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor());public static void main(String[] args) {try {
            
            Digester digester = dl.newDigester();
            Future<Employee> future = digester.asyncParse(ExampleMain.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("employee.xml"));

            Employee employee = future.get();
            
            System.out.print(employee.getFirstName() + " ");
            System.out.print(employee.getLastName() + ", ");for (Address a : employee.getAddressList()) {
                System.out.print(a.getType() + ", ");
                System.out.print(a.getCity() + ", ");
                System.out.println(a.getState());
            }

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

xml variable parsing-Substitutor abstraction Class

This is relatively simple. Define a VariableSubstitutor implementation class, and the user converts attributes and variable values ​​defined in the body;

Assume there is an xml as shown below, (where ${type} is a variable ):

<employee>
    <firstName>Pi</firstName>
    <lastName>Chen</lastName>
    <address>
        <type>${type}</type>
        <city>HangZhou</city>
        <state>2</state>
    </address>
</employee>

那么可以这样解析如上xml：

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Substitutor;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import org.apache.commons.digester3.substitution.MultiVariableExpander;import org.apache.commons.digester3.substitution.VariableSubstitutor;import org.xml.sax.SAXException;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/**
 * 
 * 
 * @author 
 * @version 2017年6月5日 */public class SubstitutionMain
{private static DigesterLoader dl = DigesterLoader.newLoader(new EmployeeModule())
        .setNamespaceAware(false);public static void main(String[] args)
    {try{// set up the variables the input xml can referenceMap<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            vars.put("user.name", "me");
            vars.put("type", "boss");// map ${varname} to the entries in the var mapMultiVariableExpander expander = new MultiVariableExpander();
            expander.addSource("$", vars);// allow expansion in both xml attributes and element textSubstitutor substitutor = new VariableSubstitutor(expander);

            Digester digester = dl.newDigester();
            digester.setSubstitutor(substitutor);

            Employee employee = digester
                .parse(ExampleMain.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("employee$.xml"));

            System.out.print(employee.getFirstName() + " ");
            System.out.print(employee.getLastName() + ", ");for (Address a : employee.getAddressList())
            {
                System.out.print(a.getType() + ", ");
                System.out.print(a.getCity() + ", ");
                System.out.println(a.getState());
            }

        }catch (IOException e)
        {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch (SAXException e)
        {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

带参构造方法使用示例

简单地说，就是在使用ObjectCreateRule规则的时候，能够传递xml中的值（属性值、body值）给构造方法使用；

如下是一个待解析的xml：

<root>
  <bean super="false"><rate>9.99</rate>
  </bean></root>

那么可以这样解析：

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.ObjectCreateRule;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import org.xml.sax.SAXException;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.MyBean;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/**
 * 
 * 
 * @author 
 * @version 2017年6月5日 */public class ConstructorParamsMain
{public static void main(String[] args)
    {try{

            ObjectCreateRule createRule = new ObjectCreateRule(MyBean.class);
            createRule.setConstructorArgumentTypes(Double.class, Boolean.class);

            Digester digester = new Digester();
            digester.addRule("root/bean", createRule);
            digester.addCallParam("root/bean", 1, "super");
            digester.addCallParam("root/bean/rate", 0);

            MyBean myBean = digester.parse(ConstructorParamsMain.class.getClassLoader()
                .getResourceAsStream("constructor-params.xml"));

            System.out.println(myBean.getRate());
            System.out.println(myBean.isSuper_());

        }catch (IOException e)
        {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch (SAXException e)
        {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

结果打印：

9.99
false

参考资料

代码参考

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