How to install vagrant under windows?

vagrant is a software that facilitates virtual machine operation, and using a virtual machine has several benefits:

1. In order to keep the development environment consistent with the production environment (many development environments are windows and the production environment is linux), Various problems will not occur when the development environment is normal and moved to the formal production environment. Vagrant can write code in the IDE under the host (windows) by sharing files, and run the display directly in the virtual machine (linux). produce effect.

2. In vagrant, you only need to configure the development environment once, and then you can package and send the matched environment system image to other colleagues. Other colleagues only need to download vagrant and virtualBox, and then configure the sharing You can develop after adding the directory, and you no longer need to worry about configuring the environment.

3. Currently, many extensions such as swoole, redis, etc. have better support for Linux, and some even only support Linux. Therefore, using a virtual machine, you no longer need to make excuses for learning new technologies.

Related environment machine software versions: Host: win7; Virtual machine: CentOS 6.5 x86_64; vagrant: 1.9.5; virtualBox: 5.2

1. The installation steps are as follows:

1. Download virtualBox, click here, install

2. Download vagrant, click here, install

3. Download the image, there You can download it from several places: http://www.vagrantbox.es/ and http://www.vagrantbox.es/. Here I just found centos65-x86_64-20140116

4. Load the downloaded image. By the way, Chapter Step 3 is not necessary. Vagrant supports online image installation. However, due to the Great Wall, it is best to download the image through other methods and then load it locally. Open cmd and enter the following command:

# 命令是这样的，title为自己起的名字，url为box地址，可以在线也可以本地
# vagrant box add {title} {url}
# 实际安装命令，本地下载下来的
vagrant box add CentOs6.5_64 E:\boxes\centos65-x86_64-20140116.box

5. Find/create a directory, such as vagrant_project, and then initialize the environment

#新建目录
mkdir vagrant_project
#打开此目录
cd vagrant_project
#初始化，CentOs6.5_64为你上方设置的title
vagrant init CentOs6.5_64

After successful initialization, a Vagrantfile will appear in this directory file, this is the vagrant configuration file, the subsequent configuration can be modified here

6. First use the default configuration, and then start it:

vagrant up

will display a Series startup information:

==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: hostonly==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...==> default: Booting VM...==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222//注意这里default: SSH username: vagrant//这里    default: SSH auth method: private key
    .......

If no error is reported, the startup is successful. If an error occurs, please Google or Baidu. The main error I encountered here is infinite stuck default: SSH auth method: private keyThe most likely reason is that the virtualization technology is not enabled on this machine. Restart the computer, press F2 or other keys to enter the bios settings, and find the words related to virtual to enable it.

7. Remotely connect to Linux. At this time, you can use putty or xshell to connect under Windows. The host address is as marked above: 127.0.0.1:2222 , the username and password are: vagrant

At this time, the default shared folder relationship is under windows The vagrant_project folder corresponds to the /vagrant## folder under Linux, you can do whatever you want Create several files on both sides to test whether the two parties are synchronized

#8. Close and other commands. Since there are still many configurations that need to be configured, you can close them temporarily and wait until the configuration is completed. Restart

#关闭
vagrant halt
#重启
vagrant reload

2. Network configuration, shared directory and other related configuration

The above is just for display It has a simple usage of installation and opening, but it requires additional configuration to be truly used for development. Open the Vagrantfile configuration file mentioned above to configure it. Many of them have been commented out, just select to remove them

1. Network configuration, Vagrant has three configuration methods: Click here to view the official website documentation

a. Port mapping, which means mapping the port of the virtual machine to the port of the host. You can access this port in the host LAN. Accessing things on your virtual machine

config.vm.forwarded_port 80, 8080

The above function is to map the 80 port of the virtual machine to the 8080 port of the host. Then my direct access to the 8080 port of the host is equivalent to accessing Port 80 of the virtual machine

b. Private network, only the host can access the virtual machine, the contents of the virtual machine that members within the main LAN cannot access

config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

The above settings After completion, the virtual machine can be accessed through 192.168.33.10 on this machine. It should be noted that although 192.168.33.10 can be set casually, if the IP of the host is in the 192.168.1.xxx field, then do not use this section again. It can be 2.xxx or 3.xxx or others to avoid conflicts.

c. Shared network. Members within the host LAN can access the content in the virtual machine. The virtual machine is equivalent to a member of the LAN

config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.120"

　　以上配置一般来说开发环境也不需要局域网内成员访问，所以大部分情况下是选择用b、私有网络来开发，这个可根据实际情况来选择。

2、共享目录，用户可以自定义共享目录，在Vagrantfile配置文件中配置：

#禁用原有的默认的共享目录
config.vm.synced_folder '.', '/vagrant', disabled: true#增加新的共享目录，第二个参数以当前文件夹为基准
config.vm.synced_folder "abc", "/www/web/abc",

上方相当与windows下的vagrant_project/abc文件夹对应linux下的/www/web/abc文件夹

除了可以自定义共享文件外，还可以选择共享的方式，vagrant有四种共享的方式，官网文档请点这里查看

　　a、NFS共享方式，windows平台无法使用此配置，且用此方式时不能修改文件的所有者和所有组

　　b、RSync共享方式，所有平台都可以使用，但这种方式貌似有个缺点就是主机的改动可以同步到虚拟机中，但虚拟机中的改动无法同步到主机中，如果要实现双向同步可能还需做其它设置，由于没有用过，所以不太清楚。

　　c、SMB共享方式，只有windows平台可以使用，曾有找一些资料来配置，但一直没有成功，所以具体的并不太清楚，但貌似效率是挺不错的。

　　d、VirtualBox共享方式，这是VirtualBox提供的也是vagrant默认的共享方式。当文件数量小时用着不错，当文件数量大的时候打开网页会卡到超时。

总之以上，如果主机是mac，则推荐用NFS共享方式，如果是windows则推荐用smb或者rsync方式，如果文件很少，那用默认的就可以了。

但除了上方说的，windows下其实还有方式可以加快网站访问速度，那就是用Vagrant WinNFSd这款插件，插件地址点这里，这种方式是windows下提高速度最简单的方式了：

vagrant plugin install vagrant-winnfsd

安装完成后配置type为nfs，虽然官网上说nfs不能应用于windows，但用这个插件后就可以了。

config.vm.synced_folder "abc", "/www/web/abc",type:"nfs"

测试了下，此插件还是非常有效的，原先打开yii2框架的文件会超时，或10、20多秒，但用了这个后响应在2s以内，还是可以接受的。另提供一个参考资料：让Vagrant在Windwos下支持使用NFS/SMB共享文件夹从而解决目录共享IO缓慢的问题

 三、域名访问及打包分发

1、域名访问，主要是虚拟的本地域名配置问题

这里还是安装了lanmp_v3.1，具体的安装方法可以看以前的文章：Linux下安装LANMP环境或者去下载官网上去找安装说明

新建一个站点，指定目录到共享的目录，随便取个虚拟的域名：www.abc.com

测试需要在主机中修改host，如下：（至于虚拟机中/etc/hosts文件中，测试修改与不修改都不影响访问）

192.168.33.10    www.abc.com192.168.33.10    abc.com

然后直接在浏览器中用既可显示虚拟机中的内容了。而直接在windows中的的IDE修改文件，会实时通过这个网址展示出来。

2、打包分发

vagrant package

等待一段时间，会发现在目录生成一个package.box的文件，这个就是已经包含安装环境的镜像了，将此镜像发给同事，让其安装上方所属的步骤加载镜像vagrant box add {title} {url}命令，然后配置自己的网络及共享文件夹就可以直接开发了，远离重新配置环境的烦恼。

以上就是vagrant常用的一些操作，挺不错的，试试吧！

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