本篇文章主要介绍了浅谈PHP中的面向对象OOP中的魔术方法 ,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
一、什么是魔术方法:
PHP为我们提供了一系列用__开头的函数,这些函数无需自己手动调用,会在合适的时机自动调用,这类函数称为魔术函数。
例如:
function __construct(){}
在new一个新对象时自动调用此函数
二、PHP中都有那些魔术方法,以及它们的作用:
1.__construct():构造函数,new对象时自动调用
eg:
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __construct($name,$age){ $this->name=$name; $this->age=$age; } }
在new新的Person对象时会自动调用__construct()函数,将传入的参数分别赋给$name,$age。
2.__destruct():析构函数,当一个对象被销毁前自动调用
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __destruct(){ echo "这个对象被销毁了"; } }
同上所述,对象被销毁时执行此魔术方法
3.__get():访问类中私有属性时自动调用,传递读取属性名,返回$this->属性名
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __get($name){ return $this->$name; } }
如上代码,$name被设为私有属性后不能直接通过$this->name;的方式读取,因此需要设置__get()魔术方法来读取。
4.__set():给类的私有属性赋值时自动调用,传递需设置的属性名,属性值
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __set($key,$value){ $this->$key=$value; } }
同__get()方法,私有属性不能通过$this->name="aaa";的方式直接设置,需要设置__set()方法,传入的参数分别是属性名和属性值。
5.__isset():使用isset检测对象私有属性时调用,传递检测的属性名,返回isset($this->属性名)
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __isset($name){ return isset($this->$name); } }
使用isset检测对象私有属性时调用,其他同上。
6.__unset():使用unset()函数删除对象私有属性时调用,传递删除的属性名,方法中执行unset($this->属性名)
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __unset($name){ unset($this->$name); } }
同上,在用unset()函数删除私有属性时调用。
7.__toString():使用echo打印对象时调用,返回打印对象时想要显示的内容,返回必须是字符串
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __toString(){ $str = <<<str 您要打印的内容是:<br> \$name=>{$this->name};<br> \$age=>{$this->age};<br> str; return $str; } }
使用echo打印对象时调用,返回打印对象时想要显示的内容。
8.__call():调用一个类中未定义的或未公开的方法时自动调用,传递被调用的函数名及参数列表
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __call($funcName,$funcParams){ echo "您调用的函数{$funcName},参数列表"; print_r($funcParams); echo "不存在/未公开"; } } $zhangsan=new Person(); $zhangsan->say(1,2,3);
如代码所示,调用不存在的say(1,2,3);时,会打印
您调用的函数way,参数列表Array ( [0] => 123 ) 不存在
9.__clone():当使用clone关键字,克隆一个对象时自动调用,作用是为新克隆的对象初始化赋值
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __clone(){ $this->name="lisi"; } } $zhangsan=new Person("zhangsan",24); $lisi=clone $zhangsan; echo $lisi->name;
打印出的结果是"lisi",而不是"zhangsan"。
10.__sleep():对象序列化时自动调用,返回一个数组,数组中的值就是可以序列化的属性
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __sleep(){ return array("name","age"); } }
如上述代码,在用serialize()序列化对象时只有"name","age"属性会被序列化。
11.__wakeup():对象反序列化时自动调用,为反序列化新产生的对象进行初始化赋值
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __wakeup(){ $this -> name = "lisi"; } }
将对象序列化后再反序列化,同时给对象的name属性赋初值为"lisi"。
12.__autolode():需要在类外部声明函数,当实例化一个未声明的类时自动调用,传递实例化的类名,可以使用类名自动加载对应的类文件。
function __autoload($className){ include "class/".strtolower($className).".class.php"; } $zhangsan=new Person(); $zhangsan->say();
如上述代码,Person类不存在时调用__autolode()方法,载入写在文件外的类,"class/".strtolower($className).".class.php";就是类文件的相对路径,$className就是
不在本文件中的类的类名,因此在创建外部类文件时命名方式必须是小写的类名.class.php。__autolode()方法也是惟一一个不用写在类中的魔术方法。
The above is the detailed content of Detailed explanation of magic method examples in OOP. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft