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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP中文件读、写、删的操作(PHP中对文件和目录操作)_php实例

一:目录操作
   首先介绍的是一个从目录读取的函数,opendir(),readdir(),closedir(),使用的时候是先打开文件句柄,而后迭代列出:
复制代码 代码如下:

    $base_dir = "filelist/";
  $fso = opendir($base_dir);
  echo $base_dir."
" ;
  while($flist=readdir($fso)){
  echo $flist."
" ;
  }
  closedir($fso)
  ?>

  这是讲返回文件目录下面的文件已经目录的程序(0文件将返回false).
  有时候需要知道目录的信息,可以使用dirname($path)和basename($path),分别返回路径的目录部分和文件名名称部分,可用disk_free_space($path)返回看空间空余空间.
  创建命令:
  mkdir($path,0777)
  ,0777是权限码,在非window下可用umask()函数设置.
  rmdir($path)
  将删除路径在$path的文件.
  dir -- directory 类也是操作文件目录的重要类,有3个方法,read,rewind,close,这是一个仿面向对象的类,它先使用的是打开文件句柄,然后用指针的方式读取的.,这里看php手册:
复制代码 代码如下:

    $d = dir("/etc/php5");
  echo "Handle: " . $d->handle . "\n";
  echo "Path: " . $d->path . "\n";
  while (false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
  echo $entry."\n";
  }
  $d->close();
  ?>
[code]
  输出:
  Handle: Resource id #2
  Path: /etc/php5
  .
  ..
  apache
  cgi
  cli
  文件的属性也非常重要,文件属性包括创建时间,最后修改时间,所有者,文件组,类型,大小等
  下面我们重点谈文件操作.
  二:文件操作
   读文件
  首先是一个文件看能不能读取(权限问题),或者存在不,我们可以用is_readable函数获取信息.:
[code]
    $file = 'dirlist.php';
  if (is_readable($file) == false) {
  die('文件不存在或者无法读取');
  } else {
  echo '存在';
  }
  ?>

  判断文件存在的函数还有file_exists(下面演示),但是这个显然无is_readable全面.,当一个文件存在的话可以用
复制代码 代码如下:

    $file = "filelist.php";
  if (file_exists($file) == false) {
  die('文件不存在');
  }
  $data = file_get_contents($file);
  echo htmlentities($data);
  ?>

  但是file_get_contents函数在较低版本上不支持,可以先创建文件的一个句柄,然后用指针读取全部:
复制代码 代码如下:

  $fso = fopen($cacheFile, 'r');
  $data = fread($fso, filesize($cacheFile));
  fclose($fso);

  还有一种方式,可以读取二进制的文件:
  $data = implode('', file($file));
详细学习PHP中对文件和目录的操作方法
一:引论
  在任何计算机设备中,文件是都是必须的对象,而在web编程中,文件的操作一直是web程序员的头疼的地方,而,文件的操作在cms系统中这是必须的,非常有用的,我们经常遇到生成文件目录,文件(夹)编辑等操作,现在我把php中的这些函数做一详细总结并实例示范如何使用.,关于对应的函数详细介绍,请查阅php手册.此处只总结重点.和需要注意的地方.(这在php手册是没有的.)
二:目录操作
  首先介绍的是一个从目录读取的函数,opendir(),readdir(),closedir(),使用的时候是先打开文件句柄,而后迭代列出:
复制代码 代码如下:

$base_dir = "filelist/";
$fso = opendir($base_dir);
echo $base_dir."
" ;
while($flist=readdir($fso)){
echo $flist."
" ;
}
closedir($fso)
?>

这是讲返回文件目录下面的文件已经目录的程序(0文件将返回false).
有时候需要知道目录的信息,可以使用dirname($path)和basename($path),分别返回路径的目录部分和文件名名称部分,可用disk_free_space($path)返回看空间空余空间.
创建命令:
mkdir($path,0777),0777是权限码,在非window下可用umask()函数设置.
rmdir($path)将删除路径在$path的文件.
dir -- directory 类也是操作文件目录的重要类,有3个方法,read,rewind,close,这是一个仿面向对象的类,它先使用的是打开文件句柄,然后用指针的方式读取的.,这里看php手册:
复制代码 代码如下:

$d = dir("/etc/php5");
echo "Handle: " . $d->handle . "\n";
echo "Path: " . $d->path . "\n";
while (false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
echo $entry."\n";
}
$d->close();
?>

输出:
Handle: Resource id #2
Path: /etc/php5
.
..
apache
cgi
cli
文件的属性也非常重要,文件属性包括创建时间,最后修改时间,所有者,文件组,类型,大小等
下面我们重点谈文件操作.
三:文件操作
读文件
首先是一个文件看能不能读取(权限问题),或者存在不,我们可以用is_readable函数获取信息.:
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
if (is_readable($file) == false) {
die('文件不存在或者无法读取');
} else {
echo '存在';
}
?>

判断文件存在的函数还有file_exists(下面演示),但是这个显然无is_readable全面.,当一个文件存在的话可以用
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = "filelist.php";
if (file_exists($file) == false) {
die('文件不存在');
}
$data = file_get_contents($file);
echo htmlentities($data);
?>

但是file_get_contents函数在较低版本上不支持,可以先创建文件的一个句柄,然后用指针读取全部:
$fso = fopen($cacheFile, 'r');
$data = fread($fso, filesize($cacheFile));
fclose($fso);
还有一种方式,可以读取二进制的文件:
$data = implode('', file($file));
写文件
和读取文件的方式一样,先看看是不是能写:
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
if (is_writable($file) == false) {
die("我是鸡毛,我不能");
}
?>

能写了的话可以使用file_put_contents函数写入:
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
if (is_writable($file) == false) {
die('我是鸡毛,我不能');
}
$data = '我是可鄙,我想要';
file_put_contents ($file, $data);
?>

file_put_contents函数在php5中新引进的函数(不知道存在的话用function_exists函数先判断一下)低版本的php无法使用,可以使用如下方式:
$f = fopen($file, 'w');
fwrite($f, $data);
fclose($f);
替换之.
写文件的时候有时候需要锁定,然后写:
复制代码 代码如下:

function cache_page($pageurl,$pagedata){
if(!$fso=fopen($pageurl,'w')){
$this->warns('无法打开缓存文件.');//trigger_error
return false;
}
if(!flock($fso,LOCK_EX)){//LOCK_NB,排它型锁定
$this->warns('无法锁定缓存文件.');//trigger_error
return false;
}
if(!fwrite($fso,$pagedata)){//写入字节流,serialize写入其他格式
$this->warns('无法写入缓存文件.');//trigger_error
return false;
}
flock($fso,LOCK_UN);//释放锁定
fclose($fso);
return true;
}

复制,删除文件
php删除文件非常easy,用unlink函数简单操作:
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
$result = @unlink ($file);
if ($result == false) {
echo '蚊子赶走了';
} else {
echo '无法赶走';
}
?>

即可.
复制文件也很容易:
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'yang.txt';
$newfile = 'ji.txt'; # 这个文件父文件夹必须能写
if (file_exists($file) == false) {
die ('小样没上线,无法复制');
}
$result = copy($file, $newfile);
if ($result == false) {
echo '复制记忆ok';
}
?>

可以使用rename()函数重命名一个文件夹.其他操作都是这几个函数组合一下就能实现的.
获取文件属性
我说几个常见的函数:
获取最近修改时间:
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'test.txt';
echo date('r', filemtime($file));
?>

返回的说unix的时间戳,这在缓存技术常用.
相关的还有获取上次被访问的时间fileatime(),filectime()当文件的权限,所有者,所有组或其它 inode 中的元数据被更新时间,fileowner()函数返回文件所有者 $owner = posix_getpwuid(fileowner($file));(非window系统),ileperms()获取文件的权限,
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
$perms = substr(sprintf('%o', fileperms($file)), -4);
echo $perms;
?>

filesize()返回文件大小的字节数:
复制代码 代码如下:

// 输出类似:somefile.txt: 1024 bytes
$filename = 'somefile.txt';
echo $filename . ': ' . filesize($filename) . ' bytes';
?>

获取文件的全部信息有个返回数组的函数stat()函数:
复制代码 代码如下:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
$perms = stat($file);
var_dump($perms);
?>

那个键对应什么可以查阅详细资料,此处不再展开.
四:结束语
上面我简要的总结了一下几个文件操作,如果您熟练掌握以上列出的函数,已经在操作的时候没什么大的问题,php文件操作的函数变化比较快,现在已经非常强大了,文件这部分也是学习php非常重要的一部分,希望不要忽略.
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