search
HomeJavajavaTutorialShare an example tutorial on developing Restful programs using Spring Boot

本篇文章主要介绍了详解使用Spring Boot开发Restful程序,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

一、简介

Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架,其设计目的是用来简化新spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置,从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。通过这种方式,Boot致力于在蓬勃发展的快速应用开发领域(rapid application development)成为领导者。

多年以来,Spring IO平台饱受非议的一点就是大量的XML配置以及复杂的依赖管理。在去年的SpringOne 2GX会议上,Pivotal的CTO Adrian Colyer回应了这些批评,并且特别提到该平台将来的目标之一就是实现免XML配置的开发体验。Boot所实现的功能超出了这个任务的描述,开发人员不仅不再需要编写XML,而且在一些场景中甚至不需要编写繁琐的import语句。在对外公开的beta版本刚刚发布之时,Boot描述了如何使用该框架在140个字符内实现可运行的web应用,从而获得了极大的关注度,该样例发表在tweet上。

Spring Boot不生成代码,且完全不需要XML配置。其主要目标如下:

  1. 为所有的Spring开发工作提供一个更快、更广泛的入门经验。

  2. 开箱即用,你也可以通过修改默认值来快速满足你的项目的需求。

  3. 提供了一系列大型项目中常见的非功能性特性,如嵌入式服务器、安全、指标,健康检测、外部配置等。

二、开发环境准备

IDE:IntelliJ IDEA

JDK:1.8

Maven

数据库:MySQL

我将以一个用户积分系统为例,开发一个Restful风格的服务端

三、第一个Restful程序

1.新建一个普通Maven工程

创建项目完成后目录结构如下图所示

2.在POM文件中加入对Spring-Boot的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 <groupId>com.bluecoffee</groupId>
 <artifactId>mapp</artifactId>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

 <parent>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  <version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
  <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
 </parent>

 <properties>
  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  <java.version>1.8</java.version>
 </properties>


 <dependencies>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>
 </dependencies>

 <build>
  <plugins>
   <plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
   </plugin>
  </plugins>
 </build>
</project>

3.新建一个RestController来接收客户端的请求,我们来模拟一个登录请求

package com.yepit.mapp.rest;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * Created by qianlong on 16/7/20.
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {

 @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{username}",method = RequestMethod.GET,consumes="application/json")
 public String getUser(@PathVariable String username, @RequestParam String pwd){
  return "Welcome,"+username;
 }}
  1. 关键字@RestController代表这个类是用Restful风格来访问的,如果是普通的WEB页面访问跳转时,我们通常会使用@Controller

  2. value = "/users/{username}" 代表访问的URL是"http://host:PORT/users/实际的用户名"

  3. method = RequestMethod.GET 代表这个HTTP请求必须是以GET方式访问

  4. consumes="application/json" 代表数据传输格式是json

  5. @PathVariable将某个动态参数放到URL请求路径中

  6. @RequestParam指定了请求参数名称

4.新建启动Restful服务端的启动类

package com.yepit.mapp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * Created by qianlong on 16/7/20.
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class MappRunApplication {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  SpringApplication.run(MappRunApplication.class, args);
 }
}

5.执行MappRunApplication的Main方法启动Restful服务,可以看到控制台有如下输出

 .    _    _ _
 /\\\\ / _&#39;_  _ _(_)_   _ \\ \\ \\ \\
( ( )\\_ | &#39;_ | &#39;_| | &#39;_ \\/ _` | \\ \\ \\ \\
 \\\\/ _)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
 &#39; || .|_| |_|_| |_\\, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|_/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::  (v1.3.3.RELEASE)

2016-07-20 16:49:43.334 INFO 2106 --- [   main] com.yepit.mapp.MappRunApplication  : Starting MappRunApplication on bogon with PID 2106 (/Users/qianlong/workspace/spring-boot-samples/target/classes started by qianlong in /Users/qianlong/workspace/spring-boot-samples)
2016-07-20 16:49:43.338 INFO 2106 --- [   main] com.yepit.mapp.MappRunApplication  : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2016-07-20 16:49:43.557 INFO 2106 --- [   main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@543e710e: startup date [Wed Jul 20 16:49:43 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-07-20 16:49:44.127 INFO 2106 --- [   main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory  : Overriding bean definition for bean &#39;beanNameViewResolver&#39; with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]
2016-07-20 16:49:44.658 INFO 2106 --- [   main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-07-20 16:49:44.672 INFO 2106 --- [   main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
2016-07-20 16:49:44.673 INFO 2106 --- [   main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
2016-07-20 16:49:44.759 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]  : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2016-07-20 16:49:44.759 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader   : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1207 ms
2016-07-20 16:49:44.972 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: &#39;dispatcherServlet&#39; to [/]
2016-07-20 16:49:44.977 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: &#39;characterEncodingFilter&#39; to: [/*]
2016-07-20 16:49:44.978 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: &#39;hiddenHttpMethodFilter&#39; to: [/*]
2016-07-20 16:49:44.978 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: &#39;httpPutFormContentFilter&#39; to: [/*]
2016-07-20 16:49:44.978 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: &#39;requestContextFilter&#39; to: [/*]
2016-07-20 16:49:45.184 INFO 2106 --- [   main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@543e710e: startup date [Wed Jul 20 16:49:43 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-07-20 16:49:45.251 INFO 2106 --- [   main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/users],methods=[GET],consumes=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.String com.yepit.mapp.rest.UserController.getUser(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
2016-07-20 16:49:45.253 INFO 2106 --- [   main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2016-07-20 16:49:45.254 INFO 2106 --- [   main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2016-07-20 16:49:45.275 INFO 2106 --- [   main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-07-20 16:49:45.275 INFO 2106 --- [   main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-07-20 16:49:45.306 INFO 2106 --- [   main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-07-20 16:49:45.380 INFO 2106 --- [   main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter  : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2016-07-20 16:49:45.462 INFO 2106 --- [   main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-07-20 16:49:45.467 INFO 2106 --- [   main] com.yepit.mapp.MappRunApplication  : Started MappRunApplication in 2.573 seconds (JVM running for 3.187)

我们可以看到服务器是Tomcat,端口为8080

6.验证

推荐大家使用Google的Postman插件来模拟请求

在发起请求前,请注意需要在Headers中设置Content-Type为application/json

到此一个基本的Restful风格的服务端就已经完成了,全部编码时间不会超过5分钟!

【相关推荐】

1. 详解Spring框架注解的用法代码实例

2. Detailed explanation of Spring and Hibernate code for Java transaction management learning

3. Detailed explanation of the seven return methods supported by spring mvc

4. Detailed explanation of Spring’s enhanced implementation examples based on Aspect

5. PHPRPC for Java Spring examples

6. Java Spring mvc operates Redis and Redis cluster

7. Detailed tutorial on using Elasticsearch in spring

The above is the detailed content of Share an example tutorial on developing Restful programs using Spring Boot. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Explain how the JVM acts as an intermediary between the Java code and the underlying operating system.Explain how the JVM acts as an intermediary between the Java code and the underlying operating system.Apr 29, 2025 am 12:23 AM

JVM works by converting Java code into machine code and managing resources. 1) Class loading: Load the .class file into memory. 2) Runtime data area: manage memory area. 3) Execution engine: interpret or compile execution bytecode. 4) Local method interface: interact with the operating system through JNI.

Explain the role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in Java's platform independence.Explain the role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in Java's platform independence.Apr 29, 2025 am 12:21 AM

JVM enables Java to run across platforms. 1) JVM loads, validates and executes bytecode. 2) JVM's work includes class loading, bytecode verification, interpretation execution and memory management. 3) JVM supports advanced features such as dynamic class loading and reflection.

What steps would you take to ensure a Java application runs correctly on different operating systems?What steps would you take to ensure a Java application runs correctly on different operating systems?Apr 29, 2025 am 12:11 AM

Java applications can run on different operating systems through the following steps: 1) Use File or Paths class to process file paths; 2) Set and obtain environment variables through System.getenv(); 3) Use Maven or Gradle to manage dependencies and test. Java's cross-platform capabilities rely on the JVM's abstraction layer, but still require manual handling of certain operating system-specific features.

Are there any areas where Java requires platform-specific configuration or tuning?Are there any areas where Java requires platform-specific configuration or tuning?Apr 29, 2025 am 12:11 AM

Java requires specific configuration and tuning on different platforms. 1) Adjust JVM parameters, such as -Xms and -Xmx to set the heap size. 2) Choose the appropriate garbage collection strategy, such as ParallelGC or G1GC. 3) Configure the Native library to adapt to different platforms. These measures can enable Java applications to perform best in various environments.

What are some tools or libraries that can help you address platform-specific challenges in Java development?What are some tools or libraries that can help you address platform-specific challenges in Java development?Apr 29, 2025 am 12:01 AM

OSGi,ApacheCommonsLang,JNA,andJVMoptionsareeffectiveforhandlingplatform-specificchallengesinJava.1)OSGimanagesdependenciesandisolatescomponents.2)ApacheCommonsLangprovidesutilityfunctions.3)JNAallowscallingnativecode.4)JVMoptionstweakapplicationbehav

How does the JVM manage garbage collection across different platforms?How does the JVM manage garbage collection across different platforms?Apr 28, 2025 am 12:23 AM

JVMmanagesgarbagecollectionacrossplatformseffectivelybyusingagenerationalapproachandadaptingtoOSandhardwaredifferences.ItemploysvariouscollectorslikeSerial,Parallel,CMS,andG1,eachsuitedfordifferentscenarios.Performancecanbetunedwithflagslike-XX:NewRa

Why can Java code run on different operating systems without modification?Why can Java code run on different operating systems without modification?Apr 28, 2025 am 12:14 AM

Java code can run on different operating systems without modification, because Java's "write once, run everywhere" philosophy is implemented by Java virtual machine (JVM). As the intermediary between the compiled Java bytecode and the operating system, the JVM translates the bytecode into specific machine instructions to ensure that the program can run independently on any platform with JVM installed.

Describe the process of compiling and executing a Java program, highlighting platform independence.Describe the process of compiling and executing a Java program, highlighting platform independence.Apr 28, 2025 am 12:08 AM

The compilation and execution of Java programs achieve platform independence through bytecode and JVM. 1) Write Java source code and compile it into bytecode. 2) Use JVM to execute bytecode on any platform to ensure the code runs across platforms.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux latest version

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools