This article mainly introduces the relevant knowledge of canvas to easily and quickly implement the background effect of the Zhihu login page, which has a very good reference value. Let’s take a look at it with the editor
Preface
Open the login page of Zhihu, and you can see that there is an animation in the background, which looks pretty Nice look:
This effect is not difficult to achieve using canvas. Next, we will explain and achieve this effect step by step.
Analysis
Before starting construction, first analyze how the effect works. The first thing to understand is that although it seems that all lines and circles are moving, in fact only circles are moving, and lines are just connecting any two circles that meet certain conditions. Then let’s analyze how the circle moves. From the effect, each circle is moving in a straight line at a uniform speed, and the movement directions are different. From the relevant knowledge of physics, we can know that each circle moves in both the horizontal and vertical directions. There is a speed. Finally, when the circle moves out of any boundary of the canvas, the circle will enter the canvas again from the opposite side of the edge that exits the boundary. It will be much clearer once you understand these three key points.
Practice
Create a canvas first:
// 这里就简单地设置下背景色 <body style="background:#f7fafc;"> <canvas id="canvas" style="width: 100%; height: 100%;"></canvas> </body>
Then get the canvas context and set some common properties
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
canvas.width = document.documentElement.clientWidth;
canvas.height = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
context.fillStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08)";
context.strokeStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)";
context.lineWidth = 0.5;Next draw a circle, then drawing a circle requires the center coordinates, radius, horizontal speed, and vertical speed of the circle, and this information must meet certain conditions, through a functionTo create:
// 存放所有圆的数组，这里用balls
var balls = [];
function createBall() {
// x坐标
var _x = Math.random() * canvas.width;
// y坐标
var _y = Math.random() * canvas.height;
// 半径 [0.01, 15.01]
var _r = Math.random() * 15 + 0.01;
// 水平速度 [±0.0, ±0.5]
var _vx = Math.random() * 0.5 * Math.pow( -1, Math.floor(Math.random() * 2 + 1) );
// 垂直速度 [±0.0, ±0.5]
var _vy = Math.random() * 0.5 * Math.pow( -1, Math.floor(Math.random() * 2 + 1) );
// 把每一个圆的信息存放到数组中
balls.push({
x: _x,
y: _y,
r: _r,
vx: _vx,
vy: _vy
});
}Then choose how many circles you need to draw according to your own situation. Here I assume there are 20, which looks more comfortable:
// 圆的数量
var num = 20;
for(var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
createBall();
}Now the circle information is available , the next step is to draw circles and lines in each frame, create an render function, and then draw all the circles within the function:
for(var k = 0; k < num; k++) {
context.save();
context.beginPath();
context.arc( balls[k].x, balls[k].y, balls[k].r, 0, Math.PI*2 );
context.fill();
context.restore();
}Then we need to traverse every two Whether the distance between the centers of the circles is less than a certain critical value (such as 500), if it is satisfied, connect the centers of the two circles:
for(var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
for(var j = i + 1; j < num; j++) {
if( distance( balls[i], balls[j] ) < 500 ) {
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo( balls[i].x, balls[i].y );
context.lineTo( balls[j].x, balls[j].y );
context.stroke();
}
}
}The distance function here is to calculate the distance between two points:
function distance(point1, point2) {
return Math.sqrt( Math.pow( (point1.x - point2.x), 2 ) + Math.pow( (point1.y - point2.y), 2 ) );
}The other step is to determine whether the circle exceeds the boundary value. If the conditions are met, then come in again from the opposite side:
for(var k = 0; k < num; k++) {
balls[k].x += balls[k].vx;
balls[k].y += balls[k].vy;
if( balls[k].x - balls[k].r > canvas.width ) {
balls[k].x = 0 - balls[k].r;
}
if( balls[k].x + balls[k].r < 0 ) {
balls[k].x = canvas.width + balls[k].r;
}
if( balls[k].y - balls[k].r > canvas.height ) {
balls[k].y = 0 - balls[k].r;
}
if( balls[k].y + balls[k].r < 0 ) {
balls[k].y = canvas.height + balls[k].r;
}
}Of course, if you want to make it simple, just remove the circle and restart it as soon as it exceeds the boundary value. Just generate a circle:
if( balls[k].x - balls[k].r > canvas.width ||
balls[k].x + balls[k].r < 0 ||
balls[k].y - balls[k].r > canvas.height ||
balls[k].y + balls[k].r < 0) {
balls.splice(k, 1);
createBall();
}In this way, the details of each frame are completed. The last step is to make the circles move:
(function loop(){
render();
requestAnimationFrame(loop);
})();At this point, the entire effect is revealed. Of course, there are many details that you can figure out by yourself to make the effect more delicate and colorful. Hope it helps newbies.
【Related recommendations】
1. Free h5 online video tutorial
3. php.cn original html5 video tutorial
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