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Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python

Y2J
Y2JOriginal
2017-04-28 09:22:032640browse

本篇文章主要介绍了Python中Django发送带图片和附件的邮件 ,非常具有实用价值,需要的朋友可以参考下。

最近需要做集团的SRC系统。暂无安全研发,所以只能找我这个小菜兼职开发。系统使用Django框架,在整个过程中,有许多奇特的需求。在某项需求中,需要给厂商用户发送富文本邮件,漏洞详情,这个折腾了一下,感觉略有收获,所以记一篇随笔。

首先我在网上搜索了一些资料,发现都是python通过smtplib发送,使用MIME格式来生成富文本邮件:传送门

我想的是,使用Django框架,框架带了邮件模块,没必要引入smtplib吧。我就想,向上文传送门那样,生成一个MIME文件,然后通过

 from django.core import mail
 mail.send_mail

这种方式把MIMEMultipart对象使用as_string()方法生成的文件当做message发出去不就好了吗。呃,有兴趣的可以试一下。。我发出去了一堆字符串。。

好吧,失败了,难道真的要把smtplib引进来?

天无绝人之路,这个时候我看到了一句话:EmailMessage是Django封装好的smtp。哦?还有这回事?好吧,尝试一下看看源码?跳转至message.py

class EmailMessage(object):
  """
  A container for email information.
  """
  content_subtype = 'plain'
  mixed_subtype = 'mixed'
  encoding = None   # None => use settings default

  def __init__(self, subject='', body='', from_email=None, to=None, bcc=None,
         connection=None, attachments=None, headers=None, cc=None,
         reply_to=None):
    """
    Initialize a single email message (which can be sent to multiple
    recipients).

    All strings used to create the message can be unicode strings
    (or UTF-8 bytestrings). The SafeMIMEText class will handle any
    necessary encoding conversions.
    """

恩!大体知道了用法。

 msg = mail.EmailMessage('富文本邮件测试', html, from_mail, recipient_list)

就是这样了。而且看message.py文件

if to:
       if isinstance(to, six.string_types):
        raise TypeError('"to" argument must be a list or tuple')
      self.to = list(to)

看到raise的信息,明白了,我们传给他的recipient_list应该是元组或者列表

self.from_email = from_email or settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL

我们传给他的就是Django settings.py文件里配置的邮箱,就是以下格式的:

# email config
# 这是我们工程目录下settings文件的配置
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'

EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'xxxxxxxx'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxxx@xxxx.xxxx'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.xxxx.com'
EMAIL_PORT = port

好,到此为止,我们知道了这个类怎么用。我们看传送门里的代码,挑选比较重要的

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = subject
msgRoot['From'] = strFrom
msgRoot['To'] = strTo
msgText = MIMEText(plainText, 'plain', 'utf-8')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

#设定HTML信息
msgText = MIMEText(htmlText, 'html', 'utf-8')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

然后我们对比一下message.py里面的代码:

def message(self):
    encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET
    msg = SafeMIMEText(self.body, self.content_subtype, encoding)
    msg = self._create_message(msg)
    msg['Subject'] = self.subject
    msg['From'] = self.extra_headers.get('From', self.from_email)
    msg['To'] = self.extra_headers.get('To', ', '.join(map(force_text, self.to)))

篇幅所限不粘贴太多,有兴趣可以自己去研读。我们发现,他们是不是很像,其实读完整个message.py我们会发现一件事。原来EmailMessage这个类的对象,可以看做是MIMEMultipart对象加上了smtplib的发送功能。而且它也有attach方法,可以像MIMEMultipart对象那样拼接富文本邮件内容,好,这就有办法了!我们通过EmailMessage来发送富文本邮件!

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ===============================================================================
# @ Creator:首席小学生
# @ Date:2017-03-28
# 构造富文本邮件内容
# ===============================================================================
import os
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from django.conf import settings
from django.core import mail


def add_img(src, img_id):
  """
  在富文本邮件模板里添加图片
  :param src:
  :param img_id:
  :return:
  """
  fp = open(src, 'rb')
  msg_image = MIMEImage(fp.read())
  fp.close()
  msg_image.add_header('Content-ID', '<'+img_id+'>')
  return msg_image


def send_util():
  path = os.getcwd()
  path_use = path.replace('\\', '/')
  html = '''
  
  
  
    
    Title
  
  
  牛逼呀小伙子,你成功了
  
  
  
  '''
  recipient_list = ['xxxx@xxxx.com']
  from_mail = settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER
  msg = mail.EmailMessage(&#39;富文本邮件测试&#39;, html, from_mail, recipient_list)
  msg.content_subtype = 'html'
  msg.encoding = 'utf-8'
  image = add_img(path_use+'/mail_util/test.png', 'test_cid')
  msg.attach(image)
  if msg.send():
    return True
  else:
    return False

我们在views中设置视图函数,调用上面这些测试方法尝试一下:

from django.shortcuts import render
from html_to_mail import send_util


def send_mail(request):
  if send_util():
    return render(request, &#39;ok.html&#39;)
  else:
    return render(request, &#39;error.html&#39;)

在urls里面随意配置一个映射指向这个视图函数,把Django工程run起来,直接在浏览器get这个映射。发现邮件发送成功!

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