Home > Article > Backend Development > Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python
本篇文章主要介绍了Python中Django发送带图片和附件的邮件 ,非常具有实用价值,需要的朋友可以参考下。
最近需要做集团的SRC系统。暂无安全研发,所以只能找我这个小菜兼职开发。系统使用Django框架,在整个过程中,有许多奇特的需求。在某项需求中,需要给厂商用户发送富文本邮件,漏洞详情,这个折腾了一下,感觉略有收获,所以记一篇随笔。
首先我在网上搜索了一些资料,发现都是python通过smtplib发送,使用MIME格式来生成富文本邮件:传送门
我想的是,使用Django框架,框架带了邮件模块,没必要引入smtplib吧。我就想,向上文传送门那样,生成一个MIME文件,然后通过
from django.core import mail mail.send_mail
这种方式把MIMEMultipart对象使用as_string()方法生成的文件当做message发出去不就好了吗。呃,有兴趣的可以试一下。。我发出去了一堆字符串。。
好吧,失败了,难道真的要把smtplib引进来?
天无绝人之路,这个时候我看到了一句话:EmailMessage是Django封装好的smtp。哦?还有这回事?好吧,尝试一下看看源码?跳转至message.py
class EmailMessage(object): """ A container for email information. """ content_subtype = 'plain' mixed_subtype = 'mixed' encoding = None # None => use settings default def __init__(self, subject='', body='', from_email=None, to=None, bcc=None, connection=None, attachments=None, headers=None, cc=None, reply_to=None): """ Initialize a single email message (which can be sent to multiple recipients). All strings used to create the message can be unicode strings (or UTF-8 bytestrings). The SafeMIMEText class will handle any necessary encoding conversions. """
恩!大体知道了用法。
msg = mail.EmailMessage('富文本邮件测试', html, from_mail, recipient_list)
就是这样了。而且看message.py文件
if to: if isinstance(to, six.string_types): raise TypeError('"to" argument must be a list or tuple') self.to = list(to)
看到raise的信息,明白了,我们传给他的recipient_list应该是元组或者列表
self.from_email = from_email or settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
我们传给他的就是Django settings.py文件里配置的邮箱,就是以下格式的:
# email config # 这是我们工程目录下settings文件的配置 EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend' EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'xxxxxxxx' EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxxx@xxxx.xxxx' EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.xxxx.com' EMAIL_PORT = port
好,到此为止,我们知道了这个类怎么用。我们看传送门里的代码,挑选比较重要的
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') msgRoot['Subject'] = subject msgRoot['From'] = strFrom msgRoot['To'] = strTo msgText = MIMEText(plainText, 'plain', 'utf-8') msgAlternative.attach(msgText) #设定HTML信息 msgText = MIMEText(htmlText, 'html', 'utf-8') msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
然后我们对比一下message.py里面的代码:
def message(self): encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET msg = SafeMIMEText(self.body, self.content_subtype, encoding) msg = self._create_message(msg) msg['Subject'] = self.subject msg['From'] = self.extra_headers.get('From', self.from_email) msg['To'] = self.extra_headers.get('To', ', '.join(map(force_text, self.to)))
篇幅所限不粘贴太多,有兴趣可以自己去研读。我们发现,他们是不是很像,其实读完整个message.py我们会发现一件事。原来EmailMessage这个类的对象,可以看做是MIMEMultipart对象加上了smtplib的发送功能。而且它也有attach方法,可以像MIMEMultipart对象那样拼接富文本邮件内容,好,这就有办法了!我们通过EmailMessage来发送富文本邮件!
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # =============================================================================== # @ Creator:首席小学生 # @ Date:2017-03-28 # 构造富文本邮件内容 # =============================================================================== import os from email.mime.image import MIMEImage from django.conf import settings from django.core import mail def add_img(src, img_id): """ 在富文本邮件模板里添加图片 :param src: :param img_id: :return: """ fp = open(src, 'rb') msg_image = MIMEImage(fp.read()) fp.close() msg_image.add_header('Content-ID', '<'+img_id+'>') return msg_image def send_util(): path = os.getcwd() path_use = path.replace('\\', '/') html = '''Title 牛逼呀小伙子,你成功了 ''' recipient_list = ['xxxx@xxxx.com'] from_mail = settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER msg = mail.EmailMessage('富文本邮件测试', html, from_mail, recipient_list) msg.content_subtype = 'html' msg.encoding = 'utf-8' image = add_img(path_use+'/mail_util/test.png', 'test_cid') msg.attach(image) if msg.send(): return True else: return False
我们在views中设置视图函数,调用上面这些测试方法尝试一下:
from django.shortcuts import render from html_to_mail import send_util def send_mail(request): if send_util(): return render(request, 'ok.html') else: return render(request, 'error.html')
在urls里面随意配置一个映射指向这个视图函数,把Django工程run起来,直接在浏览器get这个映射。发现邮件发送成功!
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