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HomeBackend DevelopmentXML/RSS TutorialDetailed explanation of XML-JAXP technology-DOM parsing

  DOM解析的基本思路:

    1、将整个XML文件一次性读入内存

    2、将整个XML看做一棵树

    3、XML中的每一个标签,属性,文本都看做是树上的一个结点

    4、然后可以对结点进行增删改查的操作

  话不多说,上代码。

  1、首先我在D:\ABC中新建了一个文本文件,重命名为stus.xml,以下是文件中的内容

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "GBK" ?>
    <stus class = "S160401A">
    <stu num = "001" >
    <name>张三</name>
    <age>20</age>
    <sex>男</sex>
    </stu>
 
    <stu num = "002">
    <name>李四</name>
    <age>21</age>
    <sex>女</sex>
    </stu>
 
    <stu num = "003">
    <name>王五</name>
    <age>22</age>
    <sex>男</sex>
    </stu>
    </stus>

 在第一行是XML声明,version表示版本号,encoding表示编码方式,微软的记事本用的是国标的编码方式,如果要用UTF-8,则要在另存为窗口中修改编码方式为UTF-8。

Detailed explanation of XML-JAXP technology-DOM parsing

 必须且只能有一对根标签,我写的根标签是。其他的就不多说了。

 2、这是一个学生类,定义了一些属性和get、set方法

<span style="font-size: 16px;">public class Student {
	public static String Class;
	private String name;
	private int num;
	private int age;
	private char sex;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}

	public void setNum(int num) {
		this.num = num;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public char getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(char sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

}</span>

  3、这是用DOM解析的类,看这个类之前还要了解一下。

    DocumentBuilderFactory DOM解析器工厂

    DocumentBuilder DOM解析器

    Document 文档对象

    Node 结点【接口

    Element 元素结点【标签结点】

    Attr 属性结点

    Text 文本结点

    Node 是Document,Element,Attr,Text的父接口

    NodeList  结点列表

    NamedNodeMap 一个结点的所有属性

<span style="font-size: 16px;">import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

import bean.Student;

public class DOMParser {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

		// 得到解析器工厂对象
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

		// 生产一个解析器对象
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

		// 开始解析XML文件,得到解析的结果,是一个Document对象
		// Document对象叫做文档树对象
		Document dom = builder.parse("D:\\ABC\\stus.xml");

		// 通过Document对象提取数据
		// Document对象的第一个子节点是根节点[根标签]
		Node root = dom.getFirstChild();
		// 获得标签的名字
		String str = root.getNodeName();
		// 获得根节点的属性
		NamedNodeMap attrs = root.getAttributes();
		// 强转成Attr类型 属性类
		Attr attr = (Attr) attrs.getNamedItem("class");
		// 获得属性里的值
		String v = attr.getValue();
		System.out.println(v);

		// 获得所有的学生-------------------------------------
		NodeList list = root.getChildNodes();
		for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) {
			Node node = list.item(i);
			// 判断是否是标签结点
			if (node instanceof Element) {
				Element e = (Element) node;
				// 获得标签结点里属性的值
				String num = e.getAttribute("num");
				System.out.println(num);

				// 输出标签中的文本
				// System.out.println(e.getTextContent());

				// 继续获得stu的子节点
				NodeList nodeList = e.getChildNodes();
				for (int j = 0; j < nodeList.getLength(); j++) {
					Node n = nodeList.item(j);
					if (n instanceof Element) {
						Element ele = (Element) n;
						// 获得元素结点的标签名字
						String nodeName = ele.getNodeName();
						// 获得元素结点标签中的文本
						String value = ele.getTextContent();
						if (nodeName.equals("name")) {
							System.out.println("姓名:" + value);
						} else if (nodeName.equals("age")) {
							System.out.println("年龄:" + value);
						} else if (nodeName.equals("sex")) {
							System.out.println("性别:" + value);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}</span>

  自己在其中总结了一些方法:

  DocumentBuilderFactory类:

 public static DocumentBuilderFactory newInstance(); //得到解析器工厂对象
    public abstract DocumentBuilder newDocumentBuilder(); //生产一个解析器对象

  DocumentBuilder类:

    public Document parse(String uri); //解析路径为uri的XML文件,得到解析的结果是一个Document对象

  Node类:

 public Node getFirstChild(); //得到Document对象的第一个子结点,也就是根结点、或者叫根标签,在上面的代码中得到的是stus,看上面的第1点中的XML文件的内容。
    public NamedNodeMap getAttributes();//获得结点的属性
    public NodeList getChildNodes();//获得所有子结点
    public String getNodeName();//获得标签的名字 
    public String getTextContent() throws DOMException;//获得标签结点中的文本

  NamedNodeMap类:    

    public Node getNamedItem(String name);//返回所有名字为name的结点

  Attr类:

    public String getValue();//获得属性里的值

  NodeList类:

    public Node item(int index);//返回第index个结点

  Element类:

    public String getAttribute(String name);//获得标签结点里属性name的值

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