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Detailed explanation and examples of obtaining ACCESSTOKEN .Net for WeChat public platform development

高洛峰
高洛峰Original
2017-03-28 14:48:131720browse

This article mainly introduces the relevant information on WeChat's practical Java version of WeChat public platform development to obtain user basic information. Friends in need can refer to it

After followers interact with the public account to generate messages, the public The account can obtain the OpenID of the follower (encrypted WeChat ID, each user's OpenID for each official account is unique. For different official accounts, the same user's openid is different).

Public accounts can obtain basic user information based on OpenID through this interface , including nickname, avatar, gender, city, language and time of attention.

Developers can obtain basic user information through OpenID. Please use the https protocol. Document: Get the user’s basic information

Interface call request description

http request method: GET

api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info ?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN

Parameter Description

##ParameterIs it mandatoryDescriptionaccess_token is the calling interface credentialopenidYesThe identification of ordinary users, unique to the current public accountlangNoReturn to the country and region language version, zh_CN Simplified, zh_TW Traditional, en EnglishReturn instructions

Under normal circumstances, WeChat will return the following JSON

Data package to the public account:

 {
  "subscribe": 1, 
  "openid": "o6_bmjrPTlm6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL2M", 
  "nickname": "Band", 
  "sex": 1, 
  "language": "zh_CN", 
  "city": "广州", 
  "province": "广东", 
  "country": "中国", 
  "headimgurl":  "http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/g3MonUZtNHkdmzicIlibx6iaFqAc56vxLSUfpb6n5WKSYVY0ChQKkiaJSgQ1dZuTOgvLLrhJbERQQ4eMsv84eavHiaiceqxibJxCfHe/0", 
  "subscribe_time": 1382694957,
  "unionid": " o6_bmasdasdsad6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL"
  "remark": "",
  "groupid": 0
}
Parameter description

##ParameterDescriptionWhether the user subscribes to the official account ID. When the value is 0, it means that the user does not follow the official account and cannot obtain other information. The user’s identifier, unique to the current official accountThe user’s nicknameThe gender of the user, when the value is 1, it is male, when the value is 2, it is female, when the value is 0, it is unknown## cityuser’s citycountryuser’s countryprovinceProvince where the user is locatedlanguageThe user’s language, simplified Chinese is zh_CNheadimgurl User avatar, the last value represents the square avatar size (0, 46, 64, 96, 132 values ​​are available, 0 represents a 640*640 square avatar), this item is empty when the user does not have an avatar. If the user changes their avatar, the original avatar URL will be invalid. subscribe_timeThe time the user follows is timestamp. If the user has followed multiple times, the last follow time will only appear after the user binds the official account to the WeChat open platform account. field. For details, see: Obtaining user personal information (UnionID mechanism)remarkRemarks from public account operators to fans, public account operators can log in to the WeChat public platformUser Management Interface to add notes to fansgroup where the user is locatedID
subscribe
openid
nickname
sex
unionid
groupid

错误时微信会返回错误码等信息,JSON数据包示例如下(该示例为AppID无效错误):

 {"errcode":40013,"errmsg":"invalid appid"}

根据上面的信息,我们定义一个用户信息类来存放用户的基本信息。

package com.souvc.weixin.pojo;
/**
* 类名: WeixinUserInfo </br>
* 描述: 微信用户的基本信息 </br>
* 开发人员: souvc </br>
* 创建时间: 2015-11-27 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
 */
public class WeixinUserInfo {
  // 用户的标识
  private String openId;
  // 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息
  private int subscribe;
  // 用户关注时间,为时间戳。如果用户曾多次关注,则取最后关注时间
  private String subscribeTime;
  // 昵称
  private String nickname;
  // 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
  private int sex;
  // 用户所在国家
  private String country;
  // 用户所在省份
  private String province;
  // 用户所在城市
  private String city;
  // 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN
  private String language;
  // 用户头像
  private String headImgUrl;
  public String getOpenId() {
    return openId;
  }
  public void setOpenId(String openId) {
    this.openId = openId;
  }
  public int getSubscribe() {
    return subscribe;
  }
  public void setSubscribe(int subscribe) {
    this.subscribe = subscribe;
  }
  public String getSubscribeTime() {
    return subscribeTime;
  }
  public void setSubscribeTime(String subscribeTime) {
    this.subscribeTime = subscribeTime;
  }
  public String getNickname() {
    return nickname;
  }
  public void setNickname(String nickname) {
    this.nickname = nickname;
  }
  public int getSex() {
    return sex;
  }
  public void setSex(int sex) {
    this.sex = sex;
  }
  public String getCountry() {
    return country;
  }
  public void setCountry(String country) {
    this.country = country;
  }
  public String getProvince() {
    return province;
  }
  public void setProvince(String province) {
    this.province = province;
  }
  public String getCity() {
    return city;
  }
  public void setCity(String city) {
    this.city = city;
  }
  public String getLanguage() {
    return language;
  }
  public void setLanguage(String language) {
    this.language = language;
  }
  public String getHeadImgUrl() {
    return headImgUrl;
  }
  public void setHeadImgUrl(String headImgUrl) {
    this.headImgUrl = headImgUrl;
  }
}

我们先来看看获取用户信息的接口:

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN

根据分析,获取用户的基本信息需要一个token。

package com.souvc.weixin.pojo;
/**
* 类名: Token </br>
* 描述: 凭证 </br>
* 开发人员: souvc </br>
* 创建时间: 2015-11-27 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
 */
public class Token {
  // 接口访问凭证
  private String accessToken;
  // 凭证有效期,单位:秒
  private int expiresIn;
  public String getAccessToken() {
    return accessToken;
  }
  public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
    this.accessToken = accessToken;
  }
  public int getExpiresIn() {
    return expiresIn;
  }
  public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) {
    this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
  }
}

https请求,需要的信任管理器

package com.souvc.weixin.util;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**
* 类名: MyX509TrustManager </br>
* 描述:信任管理器 </br>
* 开发人员: souvc </br>
* 创建时间: 2015-11-27 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
 */
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
  // 检查客户端证书
  public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
  }
  // 检查服务器端证书
  public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
  }
  // 返回受信任的X509证书数组
  public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
    return null;
  }
}

封装了一个公共类:

package com.souvc.weixin.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.souvc.weixin.pojo.Token;
/**
* 类名: CommonUtil </br>
* 描述: 通用工具类 </br>
* 开发人员: souvc </br>
* 创建时间: 2015-11-27 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
 */
public class CommonUtil {
  private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonUtil.class);
  // 凭证获取(GET)
  public final static String token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
  /**
   * 发送https请求
   * 
   * @param requestUrl 请求地址
   * @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
   * @param outputStr 提交的数据
   * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
   */
  public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
    JSONObject jsonObject = null;
    try {
      // 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
      TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
      SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
      sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
      // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
      SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
      URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
      HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
      conn.setDoOutput(true);
      conn.setDoInput(true);
      conn.setUseCaches(false);
      // 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
      conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
      // 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
      if (null != outputStr) {
        OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
        // 注意编码格式
        outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        outputStream.close();
      }
      // 从输入流读取返回内容
      InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
      InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
      BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
      String str = null;
      StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
      while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
        buffer.append(str);
      }
      // 释放资源
      bufferedReader.close();
      inputStreamReader.close();
      inputStream.close();
      inputStream = null;
      conn.disconnect();
      jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
    } catch (ConnectException ce) {
      log.error("连接超时:{}", ce);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      log.error("https请求异常:{}", e);
    }
    return jsonObject;
  }
  /**
   * 获取接口访问凭证
   * 
   * @param appid 凭证
   * @param appsecret 密钥
   * @return
   */
  public static Token getToken(String appid, String appsecret) {
    Token token = null;
    String requestUrl = token_url.replace("APPID", appid).replace("APPSECRET", appsecret);
    // 发起GET请求获取凭证
    JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
    if (null != jsonObject) {
      try {
        token = new Token();
        token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
        token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));
      } catch (JSONException e) {
        token = null;
        // 获取token失败
        log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
      }
    }
    return token;
  }
  /**
   * URL编码(utf-8)
   * 
   * @param source
   * @return
   */
  public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {
    String result = source;
    try {
      result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, "utf-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return result;
  }
  /**
   * 根据内容类型判断文件扩展名
   * 
   * @param contentType 内容类型
   * @return
   */
  public static String getFileExt(String contentType) {
    String fileExt = "";
    if ("image/jpeg".equals(contentType))
      fileExt = ".jpg";
    else if ("audio/mpeg".equals(contentType))
      fileExt = ".mp3";
    else if ("audio/amr".equals(contentType))
      fileExt = ".amr";
    else if ("video/mp4".equals(contentType))
      fileExt = ".mp4";
    else if ("video/mpeg4".equals(contentType))
      fileExt = ".mp4";
    return fileExt;
  }
}

获取用户基本信息的方法:

/**
   * 获取用户信息
   * 
   * @param accessToken 接口访问凭证
   * @param openId 用户标识
   * @return WeixinUserInfo
   */
  public static WeixinUserInfo getUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {
    WeixinUserInfo weixinUserInfo = null;
    // 拼接请求地址
    String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";
    requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId);
    // 获取用户信息
    JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
    if (null != jsonObject) {
      try {
        weixinUserInfo = new WeixinUserInfo();
        // 用户的标识
        weixinUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid"));
        // 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息
        weixinUserInfo.setSubscribe(jsonObject.getInt("subscribe"));
        // 用户关注时间
        weixinUserInfo.setSubscribeTime(jsonObject.getString("subscribe_time"));
        // 昵称
        weixinUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString("nickname"));
        // 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
        weixinUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt("sex"));
        // 用户所在国家
        weixinUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString("country"));
        // 用户所在省份
        weixinUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString("province"));
        // 用户所在城市
        weixinUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString("city"));
        // 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN
        weixinUserInfo.setLanguage(jsonObject.getString("language"));
        // 用户头像
        weixinUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString("headimgurl"));
      } catch (Exception e) {
        if (0 == weixinUserInfo.getSubscribe()) {
          log.error("用户{}已取消关注", weixinUserInfo.getOpenId());
        } else {
          int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");
          String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg");
          log.error("获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", errorCode, errorMsg);
        }
      }
    }
    return weixinUserInfo;
  }

测试的方法:注意将以下替换为自己的appid和秘钥。

public static void main(String args[]) {
    // 获取接口访问凭证
    String accessToken = CommonUtil.getToken("xxxx", "xxxx").getAccessToken();
    /**
     * 获取用户信息
     */
    WeixinUserInfo user = getUserInfo(accessToken, "ooK-yuJvd9gEegH6nRIen-gnLrVw");
    System.out.println("OpenID:" + user.getOpenId());
    System.out.println("关注状态:" + user.getSubscribe());
    System.out.println("关注时间:" + user.getSubscribeTime());
    System.out.println("昵称:" + user.getNickname());
    System.out.println("性别:" + user.getSex());
    System.out.println("国家:" + user.getCountry());
    System.out.println("省份:" + user.getProvince());
    System.out.println("城市:" + user.getCity());
    System.out.println("语言:" + user.getLanguage());
    System.out.println("头像:" + user.getHeadImgUrl());
  }

效果如下:

OpenID:ooK-yuJvd9gEegH6nRIen-gnLrVw
关注状态:1
关注时间:1449021142
昵称:风少
性别:1
国家:中国
省份:广东
城市:广州
语言:zh_CN
头像:http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/lOZIEvyfCa7aZQ7CkiamdpQicUDnGDEC0nzb7ZALjdl3TzFVFEHWM1AFqEXnicNIDeh0IQYTt0NrIP06ibg4W5WflASfFfX9qqib0/0

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