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Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

高洛峰
高洛峰Original
2017-03-27 09:50:141928browse

气泡框(或者提示框)是网页中一种很常见的元素,大多用来展示提示信息,如下图所示:

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

拆分来看,形如这种气泡框无外乎就是一个矩形框+一个指示方向的三角形小箭头,要制作出这样的气泡框,如果解决了三角形小箭头就容易了。一种方法就 是制作这样一个三角形箭头的图片,然后定位在矩形框上。但这种解决办法在后期更改气泡框会很不方便,可能每修改一次气泡框都要重新制作一个三角形小图标。 如果我们能够直接用HTML和CSS代码实现这样一个三角形小箭头一切都迎刃而解了。

1、把div的width和height都设为0,四边都形成三角形。

# test{width:0; height:0; border-width:75px; border-style:solid; border-color:#09F #990 #933 #0C9;}

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

2、在主流浏览器中检测一下,发现IE6中存在一个小问题,上下边能形成三角形,左右两边仍然还是梯形。

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

解决:把div的font-size和line-height都设为0的,此时,div的四边在IE6下都能形成完美的三角形。

#test{ width:0; height:0; border-width:75px; border-style:solid; border-color:#09F #990 #933 #0C9; font-size:0; line-height:0;}

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

3、我们只需要其中的一个三角形,那么只需要将其他三边的color设置为透明或者跟页面背景一样的颜色,就能模拟出一个三角来,推荐将其他三边颜色设置为透 明,即color的值为transparent,如果其他三边颜色跟页面背景一样,虽然视觉上只能看到一个三角,但背景颜色一旦改变,其他三边颜色也要随 之改变。

#test{ width:0; height:0; border-width:75px; border-style:solid; border-color:#09F transparenttransparent; font-size:0; line-height:0;}

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

4、在IE6下transparent无效,其他三边被设置成默认的黑色了。

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

解决:把border-style设置为dashed后,IE6下其他三边就能透明了。

 5、到这一步我们已经成功的模拟出了一个小三角,下一步我们把这个小三角同矩形框结合起来。先设置一个矩形框,然后把小三角定位到矩形框上。先来写出HTML结构:

         

      CSS气泡框实现

.tag{ width:300px; height:100px; border:5px solid #09F; position:relative;}

.tag em{display:block; border-width:20px; position:absolute; bottom:-40px; left:100px;border-style:solid dashed dashed; border-color:#09F transparent transparent;font-size:0; line-height:0;}

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble box

6,

Now the triangular arrow indicating the direction is solid, and what we want is a hollow effect. Here we overlay a small triangle with the same color as the background color of the bubble box. , and then move the position of this superimposed small triangle to achieve it.
First of all, the HTML structure needs to be adjusted, as follows:

                                   

CSS bubble box implementation

CSS style is modified to:

.tag{ width:300px; height:100px; border:5px solid #09F; position:relative; background-color:#FFF;}

.tag em{display:block; border-width:20px; position:absolute ; bottom:-40px; left:100px;border-style:solid dashed dashed; border-color:#09F transparent transparent;font-size:0; line-height:0;}

.tag span{ display:block; border-width:20px; position:absolute; bottom:-33px; left:100px;border-style:solid dashed dashed; border-color:#FFF transparent transparent;font-size:0; line-height: 0;}

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble boxNote: The bottom value of the superimposed small triangle span is not the border-width value. The difference between the two small triangle bottoms should theoretically be 2( border-width) square root of 2.

Detailed explanation of how to use CSS bubble boxFinally, let’s optimize the code so that it is easier to maintain in the later stage. The complete HTML structure:

;

CSS bubble box implementation

CSS style is modified to:

.tag{ width:300px; height:100px; border:5px solid #09F; position:relative; background-color:#FFF;}

.arrow{ position:absolute; width:40px; height:40px; bottom:-40px; left:100px; }

.arrow *{ display:block; border-width:20px; position:absolute; border-style:solid dashed dashed; font-size:0; line-height:0; }

.arrow em{border-color:#09F transparent transparent;}

.arrow span{border-color:#FFF transparent transparent; top:-7px;}

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