Discuss the essential difference between notify() and notifyAll() through examples

notify() and notifyAll() are both methods used by the Object object to notify threads waiting for the object. The biggest difference between the two is:

notifyAll causes all threads that were originally waiting to be notified on the object to exit the wait state and become waiting for the lock on the object. Once the object is unlocked, they will To compete.
notify is much more civilized. It just selects a wait state thread to notify and makes it obtain the lock on the object, but does not disturb other threads that are also waiting to be notified by the object. When the first thread finishes running After releasing the lock on the object, if the object does not use the notify statement again, even if the object is already idle, other threads waiting in the wait state will continue to be in the wait state because they have not been notified by the object until the object issues a notify. Or notifyAll, they are waiting to be notified or notifyAll, not the lock.

The following is a good example:

import java.util.*;

class Widget...{}
class WidgetMaker extends Thread...{
    List<Widget> finishedWidgets=new ArrayList<Widget>();
    public void run()...{
        try...{
            while(true)...{
                Thread.sleep(5000);//act busy
                Widget w=new Widget();
                //也就是说需要5秒钟才能新产生一个Widget，这决定了一定要用notify而不是notifyAll
                //因为上面两行代码不是同步的，如果用notifyAll则所有线程都企图冲出wait状态
                //第一个线程得到了锁，并取走了Widget（这个过程的时间小于5秒，新的Widget还没有生成）
                //并且解开了锁，然后第二个线程获得锁(因为用了notifyAll其他线程不再等待notify语句
                //，而是等待finishedWidgets上的锁，一旦锁放开了，他们就会竞争运行)，运行
                //finishedWidgets.remove(0)，但是由于finishedWidgets现在还是空的，
                //于是产生异常
                //***********这就是为什么下面的那一句不能用notifyAll而是要用notify
                                
                synchronized(finishedWidgets)...{
                    finishedWidgets.add(w);
                    finishedWidgets.notify(); //这里只能是notify而不能是notifyAll
                }
            }
        }
        catch(InterruptedException e)...{}
    }
    
    public Widget waitForWidget()...{
        synchronized(finishedWidgets)...{
            if(finishedWidgets.size()==0)...{
                try...{
                    finishedWidgets.wait();
                }
                catch(InterruptedException e)
                ...{}
            }
            return finishedWidgets.remove(0);
        }
    }
}
public class WidgetUser extends Thread...{
    private WidgetMaker maker;
    public WidgetUser(String name,WidgetMaker maker)...{
        super(name);
        this.maker=maker;
    }
    public void run()...{
        Widget w=maker.waitForWidget();
        System.out.println(getName()+"got a widget");
    }
   

    public static void main(String[] args) ...{
        WidgetMaker maker=new WidgetMaker();
        maker.start();
        new WidgetUser("Lenny",maker).start();
        new WidgetUser("Moe",maker).start();
        new WidgetUser("Curly",maker).start();

    }

}

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##Correct usage of wait, notify and notifyAll

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