PHPCombined modeSecond implementation method
<?php // 组合模式 interface Component { public function doAction(); public function addComponent(Component $c); public function removeComponent(Component $c); } abstract class AbstractComponent { // public abstract function doAction(); /** * default implementation */ public function addComponent(Component $c) { throw new Exception('This is leaf node, can\'t be call addComponent method!'); } /** * default implementation */ public function removeComponent(Component $c) { throw new Exception('This is leaf node, can\'t be call removeComponent method!'); } } /** * 局部类 * 可能并不需要 addComponent, removeComponent 方法,但是必须实现 * 可以用抽象类作为超类(AbstractComponent),需要实现的覆盖即可,不需要实现的若调用则会发出异常。 */ class Leaf implements Component { public function doAction() { echoLine('The [leaf] doAction!'); } /** * null implementation */ public function addComponent(Component $c) { } /** * null implementation */ public function removeComponent(Component $c) { } } /** * 组合模式的一个问题是如何实现 add 和 remove 方法。一般的组合模式会在抽象超类中添加 add * 和 remove 方法。这可以确保模式中的所有类都共享同一个借口,但这同时也意味着局部类也必须 * 实现这些方法。实际上,我们并不希望在局部类中实现这些方法。 * * 需要担心的问题: * 1. 组合操作的成本。 * 2. 对象持久化问题。难以直接将数据保存在关系型数据中,但其数据却非常适合持久化为 XML。 */ class Composite implements Component { /** * component container */ private $container = array(); public function doAction() { echoLine('The [Composite] doAction!'); foreach ($this->container as $c) $c->doAction(); } /** * add component * @param Component $c */ public function addComponent(Component $c) { if(!in_array($c, $this->container, true)) $this->container[] = $c; } /** * remove conponent * @param Component $c */ public function removeComponent(Component $c) { $this->container = array_diff($this->container, array($c)); } /** * get all components * @return array */ public function getComponents() { return $this->container; } } // test code $leaf = new Leaf(); $composite = new Composite(); $composite->addComponent($leaf); $composite->addComponent(new Leaf()); $composite->addComponent(new Leaf()); $composite->doAction(); /** * 总结: * 如果你想像对待单个对象一样对待组合对象,那么组合模式十分有用。可能是因为组合对象本质上和局部对象 * 相似,也可能因为在环境中组合对象和局部对象的特征相同。因为组合是树型结构,所以对整体的操作会影响 * 到局部,而通过组合,对客户端代码来说局部的数据又是透明的。组合模式使这些操作和查询对客户端代码透明。 * 对象树可以方便的进行遍历。你也可以轻松的在组合结构中加入新的组件类型。 * 但另一方面,组合模式又依赖于其组成部分的简单性。随着我们引入复杂的规则,代码会变得越来越难以维护。 * 组合模式不能很好的在关系型数据库中保存数据,但却非常适合使用 XML 持久化。 */
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