


这篇文章主要介绍了XML中的字符实体与字符数据,文中所说的CDATA片段即是指字符数据即不由解析器解析的文本块,需要的朋友可以参考下
字符实体
在我们了解字符实体之前,先了解一下什么是 XML 实体。
W3 联盟 对实体的定义:文档实体作为实体树的根元素和 XML 处理程序的起点。
这意味着实体就是 XML 中的占位符。它们可以声明在文档序言或者DTD中。实体有不同的类型,本章后面会讨论字符实体。
HTML 和 XML 都有一些符号被保留使用,它们不能在 XML 代码中用作内容。例如, 符号被用作 XML 标签的开头和结尾。要显示这些特殊字符,就要使用字符实体。
有些特殊的字符或符号还不能直接使用键盘输入。可以使用字符实体来显示这些符号或特殊字符。
字符实体类型
有三种类型的字符实体:
预定义的字符实体。
编码字符实体。
命名字符实体。
预定义的字符实体
引入它们是为了避免使用某些有歧义的符号。例如,当我们把小于()符号当尖括号()使用时就会产生歧义。字符实体从根本上来说就是用来界定 XML 标签的。下面是一个来自 XML 规范的预定义字符实体列表。它们可以用来表示某些字符而不带歧义。
和号: &
单引号: '
大于: >
小于: 双引号: "
数字字符实体
数字引用被用来表示字符实体。数字引用可以是十进制或十六进制格式。由于有数以千记的数字引用,导致很难记住它们。数字引用通过使用字符在 Unicode 字符集中的编码数值来表示。
十进制数字引用基本语法:
&# decimal number ;
十六进制数字引用基本语法:
&#x Hexadecimal number ;
下面的表格列出了一些预定义字符实体和它们对应的数值:
实体名称 | 字符 | 十进制引用 | 十六进制引用 |
---|---|---|---|
quot | " | " | " |
amp | & | & | & |
apos | ' | ' | ' |
lt | < | < | |
gt | > | > | > |
命名字符实体
正如上面所说的,数值字符很难记住,最受欢迎的字符实体类型是命名字符实体。因为每个实体都用一个名称标识。
例如:
'Aacute' 表示带重音符的大写 A 字符。 'ugrave' 表示带沉音符的小写 u。
CDATA 片段
术语 CDATA 就是字符数据。CDATA 被定义为不由解析器解析的文本块,但它被公认为标记。
标记中预定义的实体比如 bff82425ba327b991a066901888e460e 和 & 需要手动输入并且通常难以阅读。这种情况下就可以使用 CDATA 片段。通过使用 CDATA 片段,我们可以告诉解析器文档的特定部分不包含标记,应该被当做普通文本对待。
语法
下面是 CDATA 片段的语法:
<![CDATA[ characters with markup ]]>
上面的语法由三个部分组成:
CDATA 开始部分 - CDATA 以9个字符的分隔符CDATA 结束部分 - CDATA 以 ]]> 分隔符结尾。
CData 部分 - 上面这两个标记之间的字符被解释为字符而不是标记。这个部分可以包含标记字符( 和 &),但是它们会被 XML 处理程序忽略。
示例
下面的标记代码展示了 CDATA。其中写在 CDATA 片段中的字符都会被解析器忽略。
<script> <![CDATA[ <message> Welcome to TutorialsPoint </message> ]] > </script>
在上述的语法中,
CDATA 规则
XML CDATA 需要遵循以下规则:
XML 文档任何位置的 CDATA 都不能包含 "]]>" 字符。
CDATA 片段不可以嵌套。
The above is the detailed content of In-depth understanding of character entities and character data in XML. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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