Detailed code introduction to 22 common methods in JavaScript arrays

As mentioned before

There are a total of 22 methods for arrays. This article divides them into object inheritance methods, array conversion methods, stack and queue methods, array sorting methods, and array splicing methods. There are 10 categories of creation subarray method, array deletion method, array position method, array merge method and array iteration method for detailed introduction

Object inheritance method

Array is a special object. Inherits the toString(), toLocaleString() and valueOf() methods of the object Object [toString()] The toString() method returns a comma-like string concatenated by each value in the array. Delimited string [Note] The return value of this method is the same as the string returned by calling the join() method without any parameters

[1,2,3].toString();//'1,2,3'
['a','b','c'].toString();//'a,b,c'
[1,[2,'c']].toString();//'1,2,c'

Since alert() receives string parameters, it will call toString in the background () method, will get the same result as toString() method

alert([1,2,3]);//'1,2,3'

[toLocaleString()]toLocaleString() is the localized version of toString() method, it often returns The same value as the toString() method, but not always. Because it calls the toLocaleString() method of the element to convert each array element into a string

var person1 = {
    toLocaleString: function(){
        return 'Nikolaos';
    },
    toString: function(){
        return 'Nicholas';
    }
};
var person2 = {
    toLocaleString: function(){
        return 'Grigorios';
    },
    toString: function(){
        return 'Greg';
    }
};
var people = [person1,person2];
console.log(people.toString());//'Nicholas,Greg'
console.log(people.toLocaleString());//'Nikolaos,Grigorios'

If the value of an item in the array is null or undefined, the value is between toLocaleString() and toString The result returned by the () method is represented by an empty string

var colors = [1,undefined,2,null,3];
console.log(colors.toString());//'1,,2,,3'
console.log(colors.toLocaleString());//'1,,2,,3'

【valueOf()】valueOf() method returns the array object itself

var a = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(a.valueOf());// [1, 2, 3]
console.log(a.valueOf() instanceof Array);//true

Array conversion method

【join()】The Array.join() method is the reverse operation of the String.split() method, which splits the string into several blocks to create an array array inherited toLocaleString () and toString() methods, by default, return array items in the form of comma-separated characters; while the join() method can use different delimiters to construct the string, the join() method only receives one parameter, using A string as a delimiter, and then returns a string containing all array items. If no value is passed to the join() method, a comma is used as the delimiter.

var a = [1,2,3];
console.log(a.join());//'1,2,3'
console.log(a.join(' '));//'1 2 3'
console.log(a.join(''));//'123'

var b = new Array(10);
b.join('-');//'---------'，9个连字符组成的字符串

If the parameter of the join() method is undefined , the standard browser uses comma as the delimiter to return the string, while the IE7-browser uses 'undefined' as the delimiter to return the string

//标准浏览器为'1,2,3';IE7-浏览器为'1undefined2undefined3'
var a = [1,2,3];
console.log(a.join(undefined));

If the value of an item in the array is null or undefined, then This value is represented by an empty string in the result returned by the join() method

var colors = [1,undefined,2,null,3];
console.log(colors.join());//'1,,2,,3'

This method can also be used on array-like objects

console.log(Array.prototype.join.call('hello', '-'));// "h-e-l-l-o"
var obj = { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', length: 2 };
console.log(Array.prototype.join.call(obj, '-'));// 'a-b'

[Note] If the object does not have a length attribute, then It is not an array class, so you cannot call array methods

var obj = { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' };
console.log(typeof Array.prototype.join.call(obj, '-'));//''

Stack and queue methods

The push() and pop() methods allow arrays to be used as stacks. The behavior of the unshift() and shift() methods is very similar to push() and pop(). The difference is that the former inserts and deletes elements at the head of the array instead of the tail.

The stack is A LIFO (Last-First-Out, last-in-first-out) data structure, that is, the latest added item is the earliest to be removed. The insertion (called push) and removal (called pop) of items in the stack only occur in one location - the top of the stack. JavaScript provides push() and pop() methods specifically for arrays to achieve stack-like behavior

The access rule of the queue data structure is FIFO (first-in-first-out, first-in-first-out). Queues add items to the end of the list and remove items from the front of the list. Combining the shift() and push() methods, you can use the array like a queue

[push()]

The push() method can receive any number of parameters, add them to the end of the array one by one, and return the length of the modified array. Therefore, the array will change the original array

var a = [];
console.log(a,a.push(1));//[1] 1
console.log(a,a.push('a'));//[1,'a'] 2
console.log(a,a.push(true, {}));//[1,'a',true,{}] 4
console.log(a,a.push([5,6]));//[1,'a',true,{},[5,6]] 5

If you need to merge two arrays, you can use the apply method

var a = [1, 2, 3];
var b = [4, 5, 6];
console.log(a,Array.prototype.push.apply(a, b));//[1,2,3,4,5,6] 6

[Note] If you use the call method, the entire array b will be treated as one Parameters

var a = [1, 2, 3];
var b = [4, 5, 6];
console.log(a,Array.prototype.push.call(a, b));//[1,2,3,[4,5,6]] 4

push() method can also add elements to the object. The added object becomes an array-like object, that is, the key of the newly added element corresponds to the index of the array, and the object has a length attribute

var obj = {a: 1};
console.log(obj,[].push.call(obj, 2));// {a:1, 0:2, length: 1}
console.log(obj,[].push.call(obj, [3]));// {a:1, 0:2, 1:[3], length: 2}

【pop()】

The pop() method removes the last item from the end of the array, reduces the length value of the array, and returns the removed item. Therefore, the array will change the original array

var a = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
console.log(a,a.pop()); // ['a', 'b'] 'c'

Using the pop() method on an empty array will not report an error, but will return undefined

var a = [];
console.log(a,a.pop()); // [] undefined

[shift()]

The shift() method removes the first item in the array and returns it, while reducing the length of the array by 1. Therefore, the array will change the original array

var a = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
console.log(a,a.shift());//['b', 'c'] 'a'

Using the shift() method on an empty array will not report an error, but return undefined

var a = [];
console.log(a,a.shift());// [] undefined

[unshift()]

The unshift() method adds any number of items to the front of the array and returns the new array length. Therefore, the array will change the original array

var a = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
console.log(a,a.unshift('x')); //['x', 'a', 'b', 'c'] 4

When unshift() is called with multiple parameters, the parameters are inserted at once instead of one at a time. This means that the order of elements inserted into the final array is consistent with the order in which they are inserted in the parameter list.

var a = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
console.log(a,a.unshift('x','y','z')); //['x','y','z','a', 'b', 'c'] 6

[Note] In IE7-browser, the unshift() method always returns undefined

//标准浏览器下，返回[1] 1；而IE7-浏览器下，返回[1] undefined
var a = [];
console.log(a,a.unshift(1));

Array sorting method

There are two methods in the array that can be directly used to reorder: reverse() and sort()

[reverse()]

The reverse() method is used to reverse the order of the array and return the sorted array; the order of the original array is also changed

var array = [1,2,4,3,5];
console.log(array,array.reverse());//[5,3,4,2,1] [5,3,4,2,1]
var array = ['str',true,3];
console.log(array,array.reverse());//[3,true,'str'] [3,true,'str']

【sort()】

默认情况下，sort()方法按字符串升序排列数组项，sort方法会调用每个数组项的toString()方法，然后比较得到的字符串排序，返回经过排序之后的数组，而原数组顺序也发生改变

var array = [1,2,4,3,5];
console.log(array,array.sort());//[1,2,3,4,5] [1,2,3,4,5]
var array = ['3str',3,2,'2'];
console.log(array,array.sort());//[2, "2", 3, "3str"] [2, "2", 3, "3str"]
var array = [1,5,10,50];
console.log(array,array.sort());//[1, 10, 5, 50] [1, 10, 5, 50]

如果数组包含undefined元素，它们会被排到数组的尾部

var array = ['3',3,undefined,2,'2'];
console.log(array,array.sort());//["2", 2, "3", 3, undefined] ["2", 2, "3", 3, undefined]

sort()方法可以接受一个比较函数作为参数，以便指定哪个值在哪个值的前面。比较函数接收两个参数，如果第一个参数应该位于第二个参数之前则返回一个负数，如果两个参数相等则返回0，如果第一个参数应该位于第二个参数之后则返回一个正数

function compare(value1,value2){
    if(value1 < value2){
        return -1;
    }else if(value1 > value2){
        return 1;
    }else{
        return 0;
    }
}
var array = [&#39;5px&#39;,50,1,10];
//当数字与字符串比较大小时，字符串&#39;5px&#39;会被转换成NaN，这样结果就是false
console.log(array.sort(compare));//["5px",1, 10, 50]

对于数值类型或valueOf()方法会返回数值类型的对象类型，比较函数可以简化

function compare(value1,value2){
    return value1 - value2;
}
var array = ['5px',50,1,10];
console.log(array.sort(compare));//["5px",1,10,50]
var array = [5,50,1,10];
console.log(array.sort(compare));//[1,5,10,50]

如果对一个字符串数组执行不区分大小写的字母表排序，比较函数首先将参数转化为小写字符串再开始比较

a = ['ant','Bug','cat','Dog'];
a.sort();//['Bug','Dog','ant','cat'];
a.sort(function(s,t){
    var a = s.toLowerCase();
    var b = t.toLowerCase();
    if(a < b)return -1;
    if(a > b)return 1;
    return 0;
});//[&#39;ant&#39;,&#39;bug&#39;,&#39;cat&#39;,&#39;dog&#39;]

【tips】使用sort()方法创建一个随机数组

function compare(){
    return Math.random() - 0.5;
}
var array = [1,2,3,4,5];
console.log(array.sort(compare));//[2,1,5,4,3]

数组拼接方法

【concat()】

concat()方法基于当前数组中的所有项创建一个新数组，先创建当前数组一个副本，然后将接收到的参数添加到这个副本的末尾，最后返回新构建的数组。所以concat()不影响原数组

如果不给concat()方法传递参数时，它只是复制当前的数组；如果参数是一个或多个数组，则该方法会将这些数组中的每一项都添加到结果数组中；如果传递的值不是数组，这些值就会被简单地添加到结果数组的末尾

var numbers = [1,2];
console.log(numbers,numbers.concat(3,4));//[1,2] [1,2,3,4]
console.log(numbers,numbers.concat([5,4,3],[3,4,5],1,2));//[1,2] [1,2,5,4,3,3,4,5,1,2]
console.log(numbers,numbers.concat(4,[5,[6,7]]));//[1,2] [1,2,4,5,[6,7]]

如果不提供参数，concat()方法返回当前数组的一个浅拷贝。所谓“浅拷贝”，指的是如果数组成员包括复合类型的值（比如对象），则新数组拷贝的是该值的引用

//该方法实际只复制了数组的第一维，数组第一维存放的是第二维的引用，而第二维才是实际存放他们的内容
var numbers = [1,2];
var newNumbers = numbers.concat();
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[1,2] [1,2]
numbers[0] = 0;
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[0,2] [1,2]

var numbers = [[1,2]];
var newNumbers = numbers.concat();
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[[1,2]] [[1,2]]
numbers[0][0] = 0;
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[[0,2]] [[0,2]]

concat()方法也可以用于将对象合并为数组，但是必须借助call()方法

var newArray = Array.prototype.concat.call({ a: 1 }, { b: 2 })
console.log(newArray);// [{ a: 1 }, { b: 2 }]
console.log(newArray[0].a);//1

创建子数组方法

 【slice()】

slice()方法基于当前数组中的一个或多个项创建一个新数组，接受一个或两个参数，即要返回项的起始和结束位置，最后返回新数组，所以slice()不影响原数组

slice(start,end)方法需要两个参数start和end，返回这个数组中从start位置到(但不包含)end位置的一个子数组；如果end为undefined或不存在，则返回从start位置到数组结尾的所有项

如果start是负数，则start = max(length + start,0)

如果end是负数，则end = max(length + end,0)

start和end无法交换位置

如果没有参数，则返回原数组

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
console.log(numbers.slice(2));//[3,4,5]
console.log(numbers.slice(2,undefined));//[3,4,5]
console.log(numbers.slice(2,3));//[3]
console.log(numbers.slice(2,1));//[]

console.log(numbers.slice(-3));//-3+5=2 -> [3,4,5]
console.log(numbers.slice(-8));//max(5 + -8,0)=0 -> [1,2,3,4,5]

console.log(numbers.slice(0,-3));//-3+5=2 -> [1,2]
console.log(numbers.slice(-2,-1));//-2+5=3;-1+5=4; -> [4]

如果不提供参数，slice()方法返回当前数组的一个浅拷贝

//该方法实际只复制了数组的第一维，数组第一维存放的是第二维的引用，而第二维才是实际存放他们的内容
var numbers = [1,2];
var newNumbers = numbers.slice();
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[1,2] [1,2]
numbers[0] = 0;
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[0,2] [1,2]

var numbers = [[1,2]];
var newNumbers = numbers.slice();
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[[1,2]] [[1,2]]
numbers[0][0] = 0;
console.log(numbers,newNumbers);//[[0,2]] [[0,2]]

slice()方法涉及到Number()转型函数的隐式类型转换，当start被转换为NaN时，相当于start = 0；当end被转换为NaN时(end为undefined除外)，则输出空数组

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
console.log(numbers.slice(NaN));//[1,2,3,4,5]
console.log(numbers.slice(0,NaN));//[]
console.log(numbers.slice(true,[3]));//[2,3]
console.log(numbers.slice(null,undefined));//[1,2,3,4,5]
console.log(numbers.slice({}));//[1,2,3,4,5]
console.log(numbers.slice('2',[5]));//[3,4,5]

可以使用slice()方法将类数组对象变成真正的数组

var arr = Array.prototype.slice.call(arrayLike);

Array.prototype.slice.call({ 0: 'a', 1: 'b', length: 2 })// ['a', 'b']
Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("p"));
Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);

数组删改方法

【splice()】

splice()和slice()拥有非常相似的名字，但它们的功能却有本质的区别。splice()方法用于删除原数组的一部分成员，并可以在被删除的位置添加入新的数组成员，该方法会改变原数组

splice()返回一个由删除元素组成的数组，或者如果没有删除元素就返回一个空数组

splice()的第一个参数start指定了插入或删除的起始位置。如果start是负数，则start = max(length + start,0)；如果start是NaN，则相当于start = 0

如果只提供一个元素，相当于将原数组在指定位置拆分成两个数组

var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice());// [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] []
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(4));// [1,2,3,4] [5,6,7,8]
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(-4));//-4+8=4; [1,2,3,4] [5,6,7,8]
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(-9));//max(-9+8,0)=0 [] [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(NaN));//[] [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

第二个参数number指定了应该从数组中删除的元素的个数。如果省略第二个参数，从起始点开始到数组结尾的所有元素都将被删除。如果number是负数或NaN或undefined，则number=0，因此不删除元素

var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(0,2));// [3,4,5,6,7,8] [1,2]
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(10,2));// [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] []
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(1,100));// [1] [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(1,-5));//[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] []
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(1,NaN));//[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] []
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
console.log(a,a.splice(1,undefined));//[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] []

如果后面还有更多的参数，则表示这些就是要被插入数组的新元素

var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
console.log(a,a.splice(2,0,'a','b'));//[1,2,'a','b',3,4,5] []
console.log(a,a.splice(2,2,[1,2],3));//[1,2,[1,2],3,3,4,5] ['a','b']

数组位置方法

ES5为数组实例添加了两个位置方法：indexOf()、lastIndexOf()

【indexOf()】

indexOf(search,start)方法接收search和start两个参数，返回search首次出现的位置，如果没有找到则返回-1

search参数表示要搜索的项；使用严格相等运算符（===）进行比较

var arr = [1,2,3,'1','2','3'];
console.log(arr.indexOf('2'));//4
console.log(arr.indexOf(3));//2
console.log(arr.indexOf(0));//-1

start参数表示该搜索的开始位置，该方法会隐式调用Number()转型函数，将start非数字值(undefined除外)转换为数字。若忽略该参数或该参数为undefined或NaN时，start = 0

var arr = ['a','b','c','d','e','a','b'];
console.log(arr.indexOf('a',undefined));//0
console.log(arr.indexOf('a',NaN));//0
console.log(arr.indexOf('a',1));//5
console.log(arr.indexOf('a',true));//5
console.log(arr.indexOf('a',-1));//max(0,-1+7)=6; -1
console.log(arr.indexOf('a',-5));//max(0,-5+7)=2; 5
console.log(arr.indexOf('a',-50));//max(0,-50+7)=0; 0

var person = {name: 'Nicholas'};
var people = [{name: 'Nicholas'}];
var morePeople = [person];
alert(people.indexOf(person));//-1,因为person和people[0]虽然值相同，但是是两个引用
alert(morePeople.indexOf(person));//0，因为person和morepeople[0]是同一个引用
alert(morePeople.indexOf({name: 'Nicholas'}));//-1,因为不是同一个引用

indexOf()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.indexOf != "function") {
  Array.prototype.indexOf = function (searchElement, fromIndex) {
    var index = -1;
    fromIndex = fromIndex * 1 || 0;
    for (var k = 0, length = this.length; k < length; k++) {
      if (k >= fromIndex && this[k] === searchElement) {
          index = k;
          break;
      }
    }
    return index;
  };
}

【lastIndexOf()】

与indexOf()不同，lastIndexOf()从右向左查找

lastIndexOf(search,start)方法接收search和start两个参数，返回search第一次出现的位置，如果没有找到则返回-1

search参数表示要搜索的项；使用严格相等运算符（===）进行比较

var arr = [1,2,3,'1','2','3'];
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('2'));//4
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf(3));//2
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf(0));//-1

start表示该搜索的开始位置，该方法会隐式调用Number()转型函数，将start非数字值(undefined除外)转换为数。若忽略该参数或该参数为undefined或NaN时，start = 0

与字符串的lastIndexOf()方法不同，当search方法为负数时，search = max(0,length+search)

var arr = ['a','b','c','d','e','a','b'];
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('b'));//6
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('b',undefined));//-1
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('a',undefined));//0
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('b',NaN));//-1
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('b',1));//1
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('b',-1));//max(0,-1+7)=6; 6
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('b',-5));//max(0,-5+7)=2; 1
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf('b',-50));//max(0,-50+7)=0; -1

【tips】返回满足条件的项的所有索引值

可以通过循环调用indexOf()或lastIndexOf()来找到所有匹配的项

function allIndexOf(array,value){
    var result = [];
    var pos = array.indexOf(value);
    if(pos === -1){
        return -1;
    }
    while(pos > -1){
        result.push(pos);
        pos = array.indexOf(value,pos+1);
    }
    return result;
}
var array = [1,2,3,3,2,1];
console.log(allIndexOf(array,1));//[0,5]

lastIndexOf()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.lastIndexOf != "function") {
  Array.prototype.lastIndexOf = function (searchElement, fromIndex) {
    var index = -1, length = this.length;
    fromIndex = fromIndex * 1 || length - 1;
    for (var k = length - 1; k > -1; k-=1) {
        if (k <= fromIndex && this[k] === searchElement) {
            index = k;
            break;
        }
    }
    return index;
  };
}

数组归并方法

数组归并方法包括reduce()和reduceRight()方法两种，它们使用指定的函数将数组元素进行组合，生成单个值。这在函数式编程中是常见的操作，也可以称为“注入”和“折叠”

【reduce()】

reduce()方法需要两个参数。第一个是执行化简操作的函数。化简函数的任务就是用某种方法把两个值组合或化简为一个值，并返回化简后的值

化简函数接受四个参数，分别是：

【1】初始变量，默认为数组的第一个元素值。函数第一次执行后的返回值作为函数第二次执行的初始变量，依次类推

【2】当前变量，如果指定了第二个参数，则该变量为数组的第一个元素的值，否则，为第二个元素的值

【3】当前变量对应的元素在数组中的索引(从0开始)

【4】原数组对象

化简函数的这四个参数之中，只有前两个是必须的，后两个则是可选的

values.reduce(function(prev, cur, index, array){
   //todo
});

reduce()方法第二个(可选)的参数是一个传递给函数的初始值

var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var sum = a.reduce(function(x,y){return x+y},0);//数组求和
var product = a.reduce(function(x,y){return x*y},1);//数组求积
var max = a.reduce(function(x,y){return (x>y)?x:y;});//求最大值

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].reduce(function(prev, cur){
    console.log(prev, cur)
    return prev+ cur;
});
// 1 2
// 3 3
// 6 4
// 10 5
//最后结果：15

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].reduce(function(prev, cur){
    console.log(prev, cur);
    return prev + cur;
},0);
// 0 1
// 1 2
// 3 3
// 6 4
// 10 5
//最后结果：15

[注意]reduce()方法的返回结果类型和传入的初始值相同

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].reduce(function(prev, cur){
    console.log(prev.sum, cur);
    prev.sum = prev.sum + cur;
    return prev;
},{sum:0});
//0 1
//1 2
//3 3
//6 4
//10 5
//Object {sum: 15}

利用reduce()方法，可以写一个数组求和的sum方法

Array.prototype.sum = function (){
    return this.reduce(function (prev, cur){
        return prev + cur;
    })
};
[3,4,5,6,10].sum();// 28

由于reduce方法依次处理每个元素，所以实际上还可以用它来搜索某个元素。比如，找出长度最长的数组元素

function findLongest(entries) {
  return entries.reduce(function (prev, cur) {
    return cur.length > prev.length ? cur : prev;
  }, '');
}
console.log(findLongest([1,2,3,'ab',4,'bcd',5,6785,4]));//'bcd'

可以利用reduce()方法，实现二维数组的扁平化

var matrix = [
  [1, 2],
  [3, 4],
  [5, 6]
];
// 二维数组扁平化
var flatten = matrix.reduce(function (prev, cur) {
  return prev.concat(cur);
});
console.log(flatten); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

在空数组上，不带初始值参数调用reduce()将导致类型错误异常。如果调用它的时候只有一个值——数组只有一个元素并且没有指定初始值，或者有一个空数组并且指定一个初始值——reduce()只是简单地返回那个值而不会调用化简函数

var arr = [];
arr.reduce(function(){});//Uncaught TypeError: Reduce of empty array with no initial value

var arr = [];
arr.reduce(function(){},1);//1

reduce()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.reduce != "function") {
  Array.prototype.reduce = function (callback, initialValue ) {
     var previous = initialValue, k = 0, length = this.length;
     if (typeof initialValue === "undefined") {
        previous = this[0];
        k = 1;
     }
    if (typeof callback === "function") {
      for (k; k < length; k++) {
         this.hasOwnProperty(k) && (previous = callback(previous, this[k], k, this));
      }
    }
    return previous;
  };
}

【reduceRight()】

reduceRight()的工作原理和reduce()一样，不同的是它按照数组索引从高到低（从右到左）处理数组，而不是从低到高

var values = [1,2,3,4,5];
var sum = values.reduceRight(function(prev, cur, index, array){
    console.log(prev,cur);
    return prev + cur;
});
console.log(sum);
//5 4
//9 3
//12 2
//14 1
//15

reduceRight()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.reduceRight != "function") {
  Array.prototype.reduceRight = function (callback, initialValue ) {
    var length = this.length, k = length - 1, previous = initialValue;
    if (typeof initialValue === "undefined") {
        previous = this[length - 1];
        k--;
    }
    if (typeof callback === "function") {
       for (k; k > -1; k-=1) {          
          this.hasOwnProperty(k) && (previous = callback(previous, this[k], k, this));
       }
    }
    return previous;
  };
}

数组迭代方法

ECMAScript5为数组定义了5个迭代方法。每个方法都接收两个参数：要在每一项上运行的函数和（可选的）运行该函数的作用域对象——影响this的值。传入这些方法中的函数会接收三个参数：数组项的值、该项在数组中的位置和数组对象本身。根据使用的方法不同，这个函数执行后的返回值可能会也可能不会影响访问的返回值

function(item,index,array){
    //todo
}

【map()】

map()方法对数组的每一项运行给定函数，返回每次函数调用的结果组成的数组

//f是array的每一个元素调用的函数。它的返回值成为返回数组的元素；o是f调用时的可选this值
array.map(f,o);

[1,2,3].map(function(item,index,arr){return item*item});//[1,4,9]
[1,2,3].map(function(item,index,arr){return item*index});//[0,2,6]

map()方法还可以接受第二个参数，表示回调函数执行时this所指向的对象

var arr = ['a','b','c'];
[1,2].map(function(item,index,arr){return this[item]},arr);//['b','c']

在实际使用的时候，可以利用map()方法方便获得对象数组中的特定属性值

var users = [{name:'t1',email:'t1@qq.com'},{name:'t2',email:'t2@qq.com'},{name:'t3',email:'t3@qq.com'}];
console.log(users.map(function(item,index,arr){return item.email}));//["t1@qq.com", "t2@qq.com", "t3@qq.com"]

map()方法还可以用于类数组对象

Array.prototype.map.call('abc',function(item,index,arr){return item.toUpperCase()});//["A", "B", "C"]

对于稀疏数组，map()方法不会在实际上不存在元素的序号上调用函数

var a = [1,,3];
console.log(a.map(function(item,index,arr){return item*2;}));//[2, 2: 6]

map()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.map != "function") {
  Array.prototype.map = function (fn, context) {
    var arr = [];
    if (typeof fn === "function") {
      for (var k = 0, length = this.length; k < length; k++) {      
         arr.push(fn.call(context, this[k], k, this));
      }
    }
    return arr;
  };
}

【forEach()】

forEach()方法对数组中的每一项运行给定函数，这个方法没有返回值。本质上与for循环迭代数组一样。如果需要有返回值，一般使用map方法

[1,2,3,4].forEach(function(item,index,arr){
    console.log(item)
});
//1
//2
//3
//4

类似于如下的for循环

var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
for (var k = 0, length = array.length; k < length; k++) {
    console.log(array[k]);
}

使用forEach()方法实现简单的加法

var sum = 0;
[1, 2, 3, 4].forEach(function (item, index, array) {
    sum += item;
});
console.log(sum);//10

forEach()方法除了接受一个必须的回调函数参数，第二个参数还可以接受一个可选的上下文参数(改变回调函数里面的this指向)

var out = [];
[1, 2, 3].forEach(function(elem){
  this.push(elem * elem);
}, out);
console.log(out);// [1, 4, 9]

第二个参数对于多层this非常有用，因为多层this通常指向是不一致的，可以使用forEach()方法的第二个参数固定this

var obj = {
  name: '张三',
  times: [1, 2, 3],
  print: function () {
  //该this指向obj
      console.log(this);
    this.times.forEach(function (n) {
    //该this指向window
      console.log(this);
    });
  }
};
obj.print();

var obj = {
  name: '张三',
  times: [1, 2, 3],
  print: function () {
  //该this指向obj
      console.log(this);
    this.times.forEach(function (n) {
    //该this同样指向obj
      console.log(this);
    },this);
  }
};
obj.print();

forEach()循环可以用于类数组对象

var str = 'abc';
Array.prototype.forEach.call(str, function(item, index, array) {
  console.log( item + ':' + index);
});
//a:0
//b:1
//c:2

与for循环不同，对于稀疏数组，forEach()方法不会在实际上不存在元素的序号上调用函数

var a = [1,2,3];
delete a[1];
for(var i = 0; i < a.length; i++){
    console.log(a[i]);
}
//1
//undefined
//3

a.forEach(function(item,index,arr){console.log(item)});
//1
//3

forEach()方法无法在所有元素都传递给调用的函数之前终止遍历。也就是说，没有像for循环中使用的相应的break语句。如果要提前终止，必须把forEach()方法放在一个try块中，并能抛出一个异常

for(var i = 0; i < 5; i++){
    if(i == 2) break;
}
console.log(i);//2

var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
console.log(a.forEach(function(item,index,arr){
    if(index == 2) break;//Uncaught SyntaxError: Illegal break statement
}));

var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
a.forEach(function(item,index,arr){
    try{
      if(item == 2) throw new Error;    
    }catch(e){
        console.log(item);
    }
});

forEach()方法兼容写法

if(typeof Array.prototype.forEach != 'function'){
    Array.prototype.forEach = function(fn,context){
        for(var k = 0,length = this.length; k < length; k++){
            if(typeof fn === &#39;function&#39; && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this,k)){
                fn.call(context,this[k],k,this);
            }
        }
    }
}

【filter()】

filter()方法对数组中的每一项运行给定函数，返回该函数会返回true的项组成的数组。该方法常用于查询符合条件的所有数组项

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].filter(function (elem) {
  return (elem > 3);
});// [4, 5]    

[0, 1, 'a', false].filter(Boolean);// [1, "a"]

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].filter(function (elem, index, arr) {
  return index % 2 === 0;
});// [1, 3, 5]

filter()方法还可以接受第二个参数，指定测试函数所在的上下文对象(this对象)

var Obj = function () {
  this.MAX = 3;
};
var myFilter = function (item) {
  if (item > this.MAX) {
    return true;
  }
};
var arr = [2, 8, 3, 4, 1, 3, 2, 9];
arr.filter(myFilter, new Obj());// [8, 4, 9]

filter()会跳过稀疏数组中缺少的元素，它的返回数组总是稠密的，所以可以压缩稀疏数组的空缺

var a = [1,2,,,,3,,,,4];
console.log(a.length);//10
var dense = a.filter(function(){return true;})
console.log(dense,dense.length);//[1,2,3,4] 4

如果要压缩空缺并删除undefined和null元素，可以这样使用filter()方法

var a = [1,2,,undefined,,3,,null,,4];
console.log(a.length);//10
var dense = a.filter(function(item){return item!= undefined;})
console.log(dense,dense.length);//[1,2,3,4] 4

filter()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.filter != "function") {
  Array.prototype.filter = function (fn, context) {
    var arr = [];
    if (typeof fn === "function") {
       for (var k = 0, length = this.length; k < length; k++) {
          fn.call(context, this[k], k, this) && arr.push(this[k]);
       }
    }
    return arr;
  };
}

【some()】

some()方法对数组中的每一项运行给定函数，如果该函数对任一项返回true，则返回true。并且当且仅当数值中的所有元素调用判定函数都返回false，它才返回false

a = [1,2,3,4,5];
a.some(function(elem, index, arr){return elem%2===0;})//true
a.some(isNaN);//false

在空数组上调用some()方法会返回false

[].some(function(){});//false

some()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.some != "function") {
  Array.prototype.some = function (fn, context) {
    var passed = false;
    if (typeof fn === "function") {
         for (var k = 0, length = this.length; k < length; k++) {
          if (passed === true) break;
          passed = !!fn.call(context, this[k], k, this);
      }
    }
    return passed;
  };
}

【every()】

every()方法对数组中的每一项运行给定函数，如果该函数对每一项都返回true，则返回true；只要有一项返回false，则返回false

a = [1,2,3,4,5];
a.every(function(elem, index, arr){elem < 10;})//true
a.every(function(elem, index, arr){return elem%2 ===0;});//false

在空数组上调用every()方法会返回true

[].every(function(){});//true

every()方法兼容写法

if (typeof Array.prototype.every != "function") {
  Array.prototype.every = function (fn, context) {
    var passed = true;
    if (typeof fn === "function") {
       for (var k = 0, length = this.length; k < length; k++) {
          if (passed === false) break;
          passed = !!fn.call(context, this[k], k, this);
      }
    }
    return passed;
  };
}

总结

javascript数组方法特意定义为通用的，因此它们不仅应用在真正的数组而且在类数组对象上都能正确工作。这22种方法中，除了toString()和toLocaleString()以外的所有方法都是通用的

可以改变原数组的方法总共有7种：包括unshift()、shift()、push()、pop()这4种栈和队列方法，reverse()和sort()这2种数组排列方法，数组删改方法splice()

以上就是详细介绍JavaScript数组中的22个常用方法的代码详细介绍的内容，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网（www.php.cn）！