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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialConfigure multiple subdomain names in Python's Flask framework

Flask子域名

一般用于数量比较少的子域名,一个模块对应一个子域名。先看下面一个例子:

modules.py:

from flask import Blueprint

public = Blueprint('public', __name__)

@public.route('/')
def home():
  return 'hello flask'
app.py:

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'example.com'
from modules import public
app.register_blueprint(public, subdomain='public')

现在可以通过public.example.com/来访问public模块了。

通配符子域
通配符子域,即通过一个模块来匹配很多个子域名。比如某些网站提供的个性化域名功能,就是这种形式。

先来看段示例代码:

modules.py:

from flask import Blueprint

member = Blueprint('member', __name__)

@member.route('/')
def home():
  return g.subdomain
app.py:

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'example.com'
from modules import member
app.register_blueprint(member, subdomain=&#39;<subdomain>&#39;)

这段代码和上一节的第像,不同之处是这里的subdomain使用了动态参数(路由中的URL变量也是这种方式)。我们可以用这个参数在请求回调函数之前利用的组合的url处理器来获取相关的用户。这样我们就可以通过*.example.com的形式来访问member模块了。

下面是为任何Flask或Blueprint对象增加子域名支持的便捷函数:

def add_subdomain_to_global(endpoint, values):
  g.subdomain = values.pop(&#39;subdomain&#39;, None)

def add_subdomain_to_url_params(endpoint, values):
  if not &#39;subdomain&#39; in values:
    values[&#39;subdomain&#39;] = g.subdomain

def add_subdomain_support(app):
  app.url_value_preprocessor(add_subdomain_to_global)
  app.url_defaults(add_subdomain_to_url_params)

然后你可以使用before_request回调函数来处理子域名:

add_subdomain_support(blueprint)

@blueprint.before_request
def add_user_to_global():
  g.user = None
  if g.subdomain:
    g.user = User.query.filter_by(username=g.subdomain).first_or_404()

注:这里的blueprint请改为实际对象。

特别说明:通配符子域调试不是不太方便,需要做泛域名解析才可以。修改hosts文件来指定域名的方法是不可行的(子域名较少时可以逐个添加,子域名多了就不太现实了)。本机调试时,可以安装DNS服务器(比如LINUX BIND服务等),并做好泛域名解析,然后再进行调试。当然使用公网域名和服务器来调试也未尝不可。

PS:
1.如果某个blueprint默认就需要实用a.domain.com,那么在定义blueprint时候:

a=Blueprint(‘a&#39; ,__name__,subdomain=&#39;a&#39;)

这样,该bp下面的所有url routing走的都是a.domain.com/xxx

2.在某个具体的url routing定义时,如果需要实用a.domain.com,那么这么写:

@www.route(‘/hello&#39;,methods=[&#39;GET&#39;,&#39;POST&#39;],subdomain=&#39;a&#39;)
def xxx():
…..

3.我在具体实践中,默认的routing都是走的www,这是在__init__.py中:

app.url_map.default_subdomain=&#39;www&#39;

其实就是设置默认子域名,这样默认不做设置的话,路由走的就是www。
那这个时候如果访问domain.com,即不带www的话,就会报404了,怎么办呢,我是在nginx层面解决这个问题的,在nginx.conf增加一个server:

server {
server_name domain.com;
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.domain.com$1 permanent;
}

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