How to exit Python by pressing any key under Linux

One day, a classmate in the group asked, in Python, when using input or raw_input, I have to press Enter after typing to get the input value. So how can I implement functions such as exiting and pausing with any key? I didn’t know it at the time. Think more about it, because I haven’t been exposed to python for a long time, mainly under Linux.

Of course, it will be slightly simpler under Windows system. If you install python environment under Windows system, the default module that comes with it is called msvcrt, import msvcrt, and then call msvcrt.getch() that is Can. The next step is to implement the python version under Linux to press any key to exit.

When I first learned Python, I always wanted to implement a program that can press any key to continue/exit (poisoned by .bat), but I couldn't write it. Recently, when I was learning Unix C, I found that it can be implemented through the termios.h library. I tried it and found that Python also has this library, so I finally wrote a program like this. The following is the code:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import termios
def press_any_key_exit(msg):
# 获取标准输入的描述符
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
# 获取标准输入(终端)的设置
old_ttyinfo = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
# 配置终端
new_ttyinfo = old_ttyinfo[:]
# 使用非规范模式(索引3是c_lflag 也就是本地模式)
new_ttyinfo[3] &= ~termios.ICANON
# 关闭回显(输入不会被显示)
new_ttyinfo[3] &= ~termios.ECHO
# 输出信息
sys.stdout.write(msg)
sys.stdout.flush()
# 使设置生效
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSANOW, new_ttyinfo)
# 从终端读取
os.read(fd, 7)
# 还原终端设置
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSANOW, old_ttyinfo)
if __name__ == "__main__":
press_any_key_exit("按任意键继续...")
press_any_key_exit("按任意键退出...")

For other information about termios, please refer to the Linux manual:

man 3 termios

Also add the three modes of *nix terminal (excerpted from 8a3e29a0211495cde1f069cbf8ef6a6f)

Canonical mode

Canonical mode, also known as cooked mode, is a common mode for users. Characters entered by the driver are saved in a buffer, and these buffers are only buffered when the Enter key is received. The characters are sent to the program. The buffered data allows the driver to implement the most basic editing functions. The specific keys assigned to these functions are set in the driver and can be modified through the stty command or the system call tcsetattr

Non-canonical mode

When the buffering and editing functions are turned off, the connection is placed in non-canonical mode. The terminal processor still performs specific character processing, such as processing Ctrl-C and newline characters. conversion, but the edit keys will have no meaning, so the corresponding input is treated as a regular data entry program needs to implement the editing functionality itself

raw mode

When all processing After being closed, the driver will pass the input directly to the program, and the connection will be in raw mode.

The above is the implementation method of Python under Linux introduced by the editor to press any key to exit. I hope it will be helpful to everyone It's helpful. If you have any questions, please leave me a message and I will reply to you in time. I would also like to thank you all for your support on the PHP Chinese website!

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