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1. Firefox
Gecko is the rendering engine of firefox. Gecko was originally developed as part of the general Mozilla browser, and the first browser to use the Gecko engine was Netscape6;
We can use the user agent to detect: The following JS code:
var ua = navigator.userAgent; console.log(ua);
The printing under firefox under windows is as follows:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0
The above is the proxy string written for Netscape6 Some components: as follows:
Mozilla/Mozilla version number (platform; encryption type; operating system or CPU; pre-release version; Gecko/Gecko version number; application or product/application or product version number) ;
2. Safari
Safari’s rendering engine is WebKit; it is a branch of KHTML, the rendering engine of the Konqueror browser in the Linux platform; a few years later, webkit became independent It became an open source project, focusing on rendering engine development;
The following code:
var ua = navigator.userAgent; console.log(ua);
Printed under safari under windows as follows:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2
The user agent string of Webkit has the following format:
Mozilla/5.0 (Platform ; Encryption type; operating system or cpu) AppleWebkit/AppleWebkit version number (KHTML, like Gecko) safari/safari version number;
3. Chrome
Google's The chrome browser uses webkit as the rendering engine and uses different javascript engines;
The following JS code:
var ua = navigator.userAgent; console.log(ua);
The print under chrome under windows is as follows:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.152 Safari/537.36
The user agent string is completely taken from webkit, and only a section indicating the chrome version number information is added; format As follows:
Mozilla/5.0 (platform; encryption type; operating system or cpu) AppleWebKit/AppleWebKit version number (KHTML, like Gecko) chrome/chrome version number safari/safari version number
4. Opera
Opera’s default user agent string is the most reasonable of all modern browsers---it correctly identifies itself and its version number. Before Opera8.0; its users The proxy string adopts the following format:
Opera/ version number (operating system or CPU; encryption type) [language]
After the release of Opera 8, the "language" part of the user agent string was moved to parentheses to better match other browsers; as follows:
Opera/version number (operating system or CPU; encryption type; language)
In the latest version now The version of opera29,
The following JS code:
var ua = navigator.userAgent; console.log(ua);
The proxy detection is as follows:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko ) Chrome/42.0.2311.152 Safari/537.36 OPR/29.0.1795.60;
5. IE
Since IE3, Microsoft has modified the user agent string of IE Into a form compatible with Netscape, the structure is as follows:
Mozilla/version number (platform; encryption type; operating system or CPU);
However, the user agent string of IE8+ adds the rendering engine's ( Trident) version number;
The JS code is as follows:
var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); console.log(ua);
For example, the version number of IE7 under window is as follows:
mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 7.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/7.0; slcc2; .net clr 2.0.50727; .net clr 3.5.30729; .net clr 3.0.30729; media center pc 6.0; infopath.3; .net4.0c; .net4.0e)
IE8 is as follows:
mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 8.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/7.0; slcc2; .net clr 2.0.50727; .net clr 3.5.30729; . net clr 3.0.30729; media center pc 6.0; infopath.3; .net4.0c; .net4.0e)
However, IE9+ has made some adjustments to the string format; mozilla’s version number has been increased to 5.0 ;
IE9 is as follows:
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 9.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/7.0; slcc2; .net clr 2.0.50727; .net clr 3.5. 30729; .net clr 3.0.30729; media center pc 6.0; infopath.3; .net4.0c; .net4.0e)
IE10 is as follows:
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/7.0; slcc2; .net clr 2.0.50727; .net clr 3.5.30729; .net clr 3.0.30729; media center pc 6.0; infopath.3; .net4.0c; .net4.0e)
IE11 is as follows:
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/7.0; slcc2; .net clr 2.0.50727; .net clr 3.5.30729 ; .net clr 3.0.30729; media center pc 6.0; infopath.3; .net4.0c; .net4.0e; rv:11.0) like gecko
6. IOS and Android
The default browsers of mobile operating systems IOS and Android are based on webkit; and they are both like the desktop version; they share the same basic user agent string format; the basic format of ios devices is as follows:
Mozilla/5.0 (Platform; encryption type; operating system or CPU like Mac OS x; language)
AppleWebKit/ AppleWebKit version number (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/browser version number
Mobile/Mobile version numberSafari/Safari version number
Android浏览器中默认格式与IOS格式相似,没有移动版本号(但有Mobile记号):
Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.2; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91)
AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1
7. Konqueror
与KDE Linux 集成的Konqueror,是一款基于KHTML 开源呈现引擎的浏览器。尽管Konqueror 只
能在Linux 中使用,但它也有数量可观的用户。为确保最大限度的兼容性,Konqueror 效仿IE 选择了如
下用户代理字符串格式:
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/ 版本号; 操作系统或CPU )
不过,为了与WebKit 的用户代理字符串的变化保持一致,Konqueror 3.2 又有了变化,以如下格式
将自己标识为KHTML:
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/ 版本号; 操作系统或CPU) KHTML/ KHTML 版本号 (like Gecko)
下面是一个例子:
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/3.5; SunOS) KHTML/3.5.0 (like Gecko)
用户代理字符串检测技术
下面我们主要检测五大呈现引擎:IE,Gecko,WebKit,KHTML和Opera
如下代码:
var client = function(){ var engine = { // 呈现引擎 ie: 0, gecko:0, webkit: 0, khtml:0, opera:0, //其他版本号 ver: null }; // 在此检测呈现引擎,平台和设备 return { engine: engine }; }();
在如上client对象字面量中,每个呈现引擎都对应着一个属性,属性值默认为0;如果检测到了那个呈现引擎,那么将以浮点数值形式将引擎的版本号写入相应的属性。而呈现引擎的完整版本被写入变量ver属性中;
要正确识别呈现引擎,关键是检测顺序要正确,用户代理字符串存在诸多不一致的地方,如果检测顺序不对,很可能会导致检测结果不正确,因此,第一步就是识别Opera,因为它的用户代理字符串有可能模仿其他浏览器;目前最新的opera浏览器版本是29,所以如下:
var ua = navigator.userAgent .toLowerCase(); console.log(ua);
打印如下:
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/42.0.2311.152 safari/537.36 opr/29.0.1795.60
因此可以这样判断代码;如下:
var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/)) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); console.log(result) console.log(result[1]) }
执行如下:
console.log(result);打印如下:
["opr/29.0.1795.60", "29.0.1795.60", index: 110, input: "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/53…rome/42.0.2311.152 safari/537.36 opr/29.0.1795.60"];
console.log(result[1])打印如下:
29.0.1795.60
由此;我们可以这样编写代码;如下:
var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/)) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); engine.ver = result[1]; engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
现在我们来打印下console.log(engine);如下所示:
但是呢opera29之前的版本, Opera5+也有window.opera对象,所以我们也必须检测window.opera对象,我们可以调用version()方法可以返回一个表示浏览器版本的字符串;如下代码:
if(window.opera) { engine.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
现在我们为了兼容之前及之后的opera浏览器,我们可以综合一下;如下:
var engine = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/) || window.opera) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); engine.ver = result[1]; engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); if(window.opera) { engine.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } }
现在第二步需要检测的是引擎是WebKit,因为WebKit的用户代理字符串中包含”Gecko”和”KHTML”这两个字符串,如果检测这两个,可能会有误差,但是WebKit的用户代理字符串中的”AppleWebKit”是独一无二的,因此可以根据这个来检测;
var engine = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(/applewebkit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
因此综合以上的所有代码如下:
var engine = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/) || window.opera) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); engine.ver = result[1]; engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); if(window.opera) { engine.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } }else if(/applewebkit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
接下来要测试的呈现引擎是KHTML,同样,KHTML的用户代理字符串中也包含”Gecko”,因此在排除KHTML之前,我们无法准确检测基于Gecko浏览器。KHTML的版本号与WebKit的版本号在用户代理字符串中的格式差不多,因此也可以使用正则表达式,此外,由于Konqueror 3.1 及更早版本中不包含KHTML 的版本,故而就要使用Konqueror 的版本来代替。下面就是相应的检测代码。
if (/KHTML\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /Konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
下面是所有的代码:
var engine = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/) || window.opera) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); engine.ver = result[1]; engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); if(window.opera) { engine.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } }else if(/applewebkit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else if (/khtml\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
在排除WebKit和KHTML后,就可以准确检测Gecko了,但是在用户代理字符串中,Gecko的版本号不会出现在字符串”Gecko”的后面,而是会出现在字符串”rv:”的后面。因此必须使用一个更复杂的正则表达式;
比如 firefox下的用户代理如下:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0
如下JS代码检测:
var engine = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(/rv:([^\)]+)\) gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
所以所有的JS代码如下:
var engine = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/) || window.opera) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); engine.ver = result[1]; engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); if(window.opera) { engine.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } }else if(/applewebkit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else if (/khtml\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else if(/rv:([^\)]+)\) gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
最后一个检测就是IE浏览器了,IE的版本号位于字符串”msie”的后面,一个分号的前面;如下:
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 9.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/7.0; slcc2; .net clr 2.0.50727; .net clr 3.5.30729; .net clr 3.0.30729; media center pc 6.0; infopath.3; .net4.0c; .net4.0e)
如下JS代码检测:
if (/msie ([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
如上;所有的代码如下:
var client = function(){ var engine = { // 呈现引擎 ie: 0, gecko:0, webkit: 0, khtml:0, opera:0, //其他版本号 ver: null }; // 在此检测呈现引擎,平台和设备 return { engine: engine }; }(); var engine = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/) || window.opera) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); engine.ver = result[1]; engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); if(window.opera) { engine.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } }else if(/applewebkit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else if (/khtml\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else if(/rv:([^\)]+)\) gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else if (/msie ([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
大多数情况下,如上面识别了引擎还不能满足我们的需求,比如苹果公司的safari浏览器和谷歌的chrome浏览器都使用了webkit作为呈现引擎;但他们的javascript引擎且不一样,在这两个浏览器中,client.webkit都会返回非0值,无法区别,因此我们还需要识别下浏览器;
如下增加代码如下:
var client = function(){ var engine = { // 呈现引擎 ie: 0, gecko:0, webkit: 0, khtml:0, opera:0, //其他版本号 ver: null }; var browser = { // 浏览器 ie: 0, firefox:0, safari:0, konq:0, opera:0, chrome:0, // 其他的版本 ver: null }; // 在此检测呈现引擎,平台和设备 return { engine: engine, browser: browser }; }();
如上代码增加了私有变量browser,用于保存每个主要浏览器的属性,与engine变量一样,除了当前使用的浏览器,其他属性值将保持为0;如果是当前使用的浏览器,则这个属性中保存的是浮点数值形式的版本号,同样browser中的ver属性中在必要时将包含字符串形式的浏览器完整版本号;
因此封装后的所有JS代码如下:
var client = function(){ var engine = { // 呈现引擎 ie: 0, gecko:0, webkit: 0, khtml:0, opera:0, //其他版本号 ver: null }; var browser = { // 浏览器 ie: 0, firefox:0, safari:0, konq:0, opera:0, chrome:0, // 其他的版本 ver: null }; // 在此检测呈现引擎,平台和设备 return { engine: engine, browser: browser }; }(); var engine = client; var browser = client; var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if(ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/) || window.opera) { var result = ua.match(/opr\/([\d\.]+)/); engine.ver = browser.ver = result[1]; engine.opera = browser.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); if(window.opera) { engine.ver = browser.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = browser.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } }else if(/applewebkit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); // 确定是chrome还是safari /* * chrome用户代理字符串 * Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) * Chrome/42.0.2311.152 Safari/537.36 */ if(/chrome\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.chrome = parseFloat(browser.ver); }else if(/version\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { /* * safari用户代理字符串 * Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) * Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2 */ browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.safari = parseFloat(browser.ver); }else { //近似地确定版本号 var safariVersion = 1; if (engine.webkit < 100){ safariVersion = 1; } else if (engine.webkit < 312){ safariVersion = 1.2; } else if (engine.webkit < 412){ safariVersion = 1.3; } else { safariVersion = 2; } browser.safari = browser.ver = safariVersion; } }else if (/khtml\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = browser.konq = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else if(/rv:([^\)]+)\) gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver); /* * firefox的用户代理的字符串 * Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:38.0) * Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0 */ // 确定是不是firefox if(/firefox\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.firefox = parseFloat(browser.ver); } }else if (/msie ([^;]+)/.test(ua) || "ActiveXObject" in window){ if("ActiveXObject" in window) { if(/msie ([^;]+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["1"]; engine.ie = browser.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else { // ie11+ if(/rv:([^\)]+)\)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["1"]; engine.ie = browser.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); }else { // ie11+ if(/rv:([^\)]+)\)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["1"]; engine.ie = browser.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); } } } } // 可以打印下 console.log(browser);
对opera和IE而言,browser对象中的值等于engine对象中值,对Konqueror 而言,browser.
konq 和browser.ver 属性分别等于engine.khtml 和engine.ver 属性。为了检测Chrome 和Safari,我们在检测引擎的代码中添加了if 语句。提取Chrome 的版本号时,需要查找字符串"chrome/"并取得该字符串后面的数值。而提取Safari 的版本号时,则需要查找字符串"version/"并取得其后的数值。由于这种方式仅适用于Safari 3 及更高版本,因此需要一些备用的代码,将WebKit 的版本号近似地映射为Safari 的版本号(至于else后面的就不多讲)。在检测Firefox 的版本时,首先要找到字符串"firefox/",然后提取出该字符串后面的数值。
有了上面的代码,我们就可以编写下面的代码判断了,如下代码:
if (client.engine.webkit) { //if it’s WebKit if (client.browser.chrome){ //执行针对Chrome 的代码 } else if (client.browser.safari){ //执行针对Safari 的代码 } } else if (client.engine.gecko){ if (client.browser.firefox){ //执行针对Firefox 的代码 } else { //执行针对其他Gecko 浏览器的代码 } }
目前有三大主流平台(windows,Mac,Unix(包括各种linux));因为那些浏览器(safari,opera,firefox)在不同的平台可能会有不同的问题;为了检测这些平台,还需要像下面这样再添加一个新对象;
var client = function(){ var engine = { // 呈现引擎 ie: 0, gecko:0, webkit: 0, khtml:0, opera:0, //其他版本号 ver: null }; var browser = { // 浏览器 ie: 0, firefox:0, safari:0, konq:0, opera:0, chrome:0, // 其他的版本 ver: null }; var system = { win: false, mac: false, xll: false }; // 在此检测呈现引擎,平台和设备 return { engine: engine, browser: browser, system: system }; }();
如上的代码添加了一个包含3个属性的新变量system,其中,win属性表示是否为windows平台,mac代表Mac,xll代表是Unix,system的对象的属性默认都为false,在确定平台时,检测navigator.platform要比检测用户代理字符串更简单,检测用户代理字符串在不同的浏览器中会给出不同的平台信息,而navigator.platform属性可能的值包括”Win32”,”Win64”,”MacPPC”,”MacIntel”,”Xll”和”Linux i686”,这些值在不同的浏览器中都是一致的,检测代码非常直观;如下代码:
var system = client; var platform = navigator.platform; system.win = platform.indexOf("Win") == 0; system.mac = platform.indexOf("Mac") == 0; system.x11 = (platform.indexOf("X11") == 0) || (platform.indexOf("Linux") == 0);
比如我现在在chrome浏览器下打印如下:
console.log(system)
截图如下:
如果我想知道是win32或者是win64的话,我们可以使用这句代码打印即可
Console.log(navigator.platform);
可以通过简单地检测字符串”iPhone”,”iPod”,”iPad”,就可以分别设置响应属性的值了。
system.iphone = ua.indexOf(“iphone”) > -1; system.ipod = ua.indexOf(“ipod”) > -1; system.ipad = ua.indexOf(“ipad”) > -1;
以上就是javascript客户端检测技术的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!